Youth Detention as a Measure to Deter Crime Essay

Youth Detention as a Measure to Deter Crime - Essay Example The confinement places play out various capacities with the fundamental one being to discourage crimes. At first, these offices were not implied for peaceful guilty parties however drifts are quick changing to remember minors for minor offenses. These measurements may give a feeling of misrepresentation since these adolescent who are confined there, may create deliquescent practices when they live the detainment and represent a bigger hazard to the network. The superfluous utilization of confinement focuses may uncover a portion of the grieved young people into conditions that look like prison conditions which as opposed to taking care of their issues bothers them further (Foley, 2001). It is the point of this paper to contend against youth detainment as a discouragement measure since it once in a while takes care of the hidden issues other than aggravating it. Detainment of young people that have wrongdoing inclinations together in huge secure holding offices has been appeared to ha ve a little constructive outcome in future discouragement of the equivalent. This in actuality shapes a rich ground for recidivism irritation among those minors that are kept together. Studies conveyed in various states show that 60% of the adolescent that had been kept in adolescent detainment habitats returned later in similar offices for adjustment purposes. Numerous elements have been accused for this perception yet the key one is fortification of deliquescent practices since these young are confined together. ... inside confinement communities, their will to control earlier offenses goes down and they are more powerless than those that had not graced the detainment offices. The greater part of these investigations have been conveyed in occasions where different variables have been held consistent, for example, race and age. The majority of the result show expanded likelihood of request before the legal framework which profoundly digs in deliquesce inclinations in them. This is in complete difference of the investigations that include adolescents that have been focused on network based revisions which remain at 14% more averse to be detained than first time guilty parties. It along these lines assists with having a type of network based revision rather than detainments that have comparable conditions to those found in correctional facilities and jails (Hughes, 2002; Sheldon, 1999; Steinberg, 2009). Rather than discouraging wrongdoing, detainment prevents or intrudes on the way toward maturing out of deliquescence practices which ought to happen normally. It is a typical marvel for kids when developing to show gentle propensities of wrongdoing which goes out with time. It has really been demonstrated that as much as 33% of youngsters participate in introverted conduct that is wrongdoing related yet they in the long run grow out of it. This conduct is normally high in guys than females yet in addition the pace of desistance is likewise uncommonly high which makes up for the incongruities between the sexual orientations. The most intriguing thing is that desistance occurs individually with no outside impedance and consequently detainment in a huge manner meddles with it. The most ideal way that has been recommended to help in maturing out deliquescence conduct is having a mentorship program that can guide and help the young to center throughout everyday life. The main mentorship that is accessible in detainment is individual wrongdoing guilty parties which can't help

Pearl Harbor ( history ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pearl Harbor ( history ) - Essay Example Research recommends that the United States had been catching coded messages, one of which talked about the designs for the assault. Other data suggested that President Roosevelt needed to enter the war lastly had an explanation. Still others accepted that Roosevelt controlled the United States into the war by denying data of the American individuals. This paper will investigate if Roosevelt did or didn't clandestinely move the United States into the Second World War and in the event that he approached data that could have forestalled the assault upon Pearl Harbor. In the 1930’s Japan’s forceful activities were causing worry in the United States. Japan was in charge of Manchuria by 1931 (DeAngelis, 13). By September of 1941, Japan had consented to an arrangement with Germany and Italy. After becoming aware of this agreement, Roosevelt initiated a ban on oil and gas shipments to Japan (DeAngelis, 13 - 14). Basically, the United States cut off key materials that Japan expected to keep up their war on China. Japan had professed to speak to worldwide Asian interests, the racial convictions at that point, when in reality they had just Japan’s military/financial interests at the top of the priority list. As the provisions from the United States dwindled, Japan guaranteed they had to sneak assault the United States in order to force our monetary hand. Japan expected the United States would be so shocked and would sue for harmony after a quick endeavor at retaliating. The Japanese idea that the U.S. populace was delicate and come up short on the Japanese battling soul, called bushido. The essential contention right now was Roosevelt endeavored to utilize arrangements to drive Japan’s back to the divider. Be that as it may, the U.S. had an enormous intrigue bunch that in the long run were known as the China First Lobby (Post World War II) that felt the Japanese were going after Chinese shortcomings at that point. It was politically convenient for Roosevelt to press the Japanese into easing off utilizing the U.S.’s monetary card

Balancing Athletics and Academics

Balancing Athletics and Academics As a student, I am constantly reminded about how important it is to stay on top of my classes; dont miss classes, do homework right away, study for tests in advance. As an athlete, I am constantly reminded the importance of focusing on being the best I can be in practice or a meet and keeping my head in the game. As a student athlete attending University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, I am constantly reminded that being a participant of one is not an excuse to let the other fall short. Though it is only my fourth week of school, I can testify to how easy it is to be successful in classes even while being on a sport. I am on the womens track and field team, and we are required at least 10 hours of mandatory study hall every week in a designated building. Now upon hearing this, I was low-key upset. Why do I have to leave the comfort of my dorm just to sit in some room for hours? Why cant they just trust me to study on my own? I quickly found the answer to my own question. After my morning classes, I would head back to my room and fall asleep until my alarm went off for practice. I had no motivation to do my homework, except the motivation that I wouldnt be able to participate in track if I hadnt done 10 hours! So I found myself grudgingly trekking to the Irwin Academic Center to study. When I got there, usually after practice (and a shower), I decided I would stay until the building closed so I could cheat the system and knock out all the hours faster. The reality though, was that I ended up using all that time: to finish the chemistry post-lab that I have been putting off. Then I would knock off that speech I had to write, then watch the online lecture from my kinesiology class. The mandatory study hours were working! In my classes, I am always prepared because I had time cut out for me specifically for that reason. Not only are athletes provided a  time and place to study, but we also get free tutoring. There are also the resources that all students get, like access to professors or TAs during office hours. So if you are planning to be a Fighting Illini, there is no need to worry about grades slipping (as long as you use the resources so generously provided), so fight on! Chisom Class of 2020 I'm a Kinesiology major in the College of Applied Health Sciences. I'm a first-generation American; my twin and I were born in Oak Park, Illinois. The rest of my siblings were born in Nigeria. I'm a pole vaulter and sprinter on the Illini track team.

Balancing Athletics and Academics

Balancing Athletics and Academics As a student, I am constantly reminded about how important it is to stay on top of my classes; dont miss classes, do homework right away, study for tests in advance. As an athlete, I am constantly reminded the importance of focusing on being the best I can be in practice or a meet and keeping my head in the game. As a student athlete attending University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, I am constantly reminded that being a participant of one is not an excuse to let the other fall short. Though it is only my fourth week of school, I can testify to how easy it is to be successful in classes even while being on a sport. I am on the womens track and field team, and we are required at least 10 hours of mandatory study hall every week in a designated building. Now upon hearing this, I was low-key upset. Why do I have to leave the comfort of my dorm just to sit in some room for hours? Why cant they just trust me to study on my own? I quickly found the answer to my own question. After my morning classes, I would head back to my room and fall asleep until my alarm went off for practice. I had no motivation to do my homework, except the motivation that I wouldnt be able to participate in track if I hadnt done 10 hours! So I found myself grudgingly trekking to the Irwin Academic Center to study. When I got there, usually after practice (and a shower), I decided I would stay until the building closed so I could cheat the system and knock out all the hours faster. The reality though, was that I ended up using all that time: to finish the chemistry post-lab that I have been putting off. Then I would knock off that speech I had to write, then watch the online lecture from my kinesiology class. The mandatory study hours were working! In my classes, I am always prepared because I had time cut out for me specifically for that reason. Not only are athletes provided a  time and place to study, but we also get free tutoring. There are also the resources that all students get, like access to professors or TAs during office hours. So if you are planning to be a Fighting Illini, there is no need to worry about grades slipping (as long as you use the resources so generously provided), so fight on! Chisom Class of 2020 I'm a Kinesiology major in the College of Applied Health Sciences. I'm a first-generation American; my twin and I were born in Oak Park, Illinois. The rest of my siblings were born in Nigeria. I'm a pole vaulter and sprinter on the Illini track team.

Essay on Edgar Degas and his influence on the art of Mary...

Mary Stevenson Cassatts Miss Mary Ellison (1880) and Edgar-Hilaire-Germain Degass Mademoiselle Malo (1877) are two paintings that, when compared and contrasted, shows numbers of influences that Degas had on Mary Cassatts art. Both of these paintings are portraits done in tbe standard  ¾ point of view. Even at a mere glance, it is easy to see the striking similarities between the two portraits. It is not too farfetched to assume that Degas had a lot of influence on Mary Cassatts work because it is known that he was one of her biggest inspirations (Wallis, 14). Furthermore, even within the Impressionist group the bond that Degas and Cassatt shared was an important one to her, since she looked up to him as a model artist (Englemann, 80).†¦show more content†¦At around 1877 She was invited to s stop submitting her artwork to the salon and instead join and submit with the independents/impressionists group by Edgar Degas (Mathews, 35). She was also the only American female ar tist to exhibit with the Impressionists. Edgar Degas was a Parisian painter; much like Cassatt, his father was also a wealthy banker (Wallis, 18). He was born in 1832 (Spate, 6) His father, the banker, was also an avid art collector; this helped stimulate the Degass interest in art at an early age (Wallis, 19) Like Cassatt, his family was from the higher middle class, and as such he was raised to be a cultivated, cultured, Parisian social elite (Spate, 6). However, unlike Cassatt, Degas did not originally study art; he studied law. In 1853 he received his baccalaureate and according to his fathers wishes studied law (Wallis, 18). Eventually his father agreed to let Degas study art and so he did. Before joining up with the Impressionist, Degas mostly vested his time into classically themed paintings and portraiture (Wallis, 20). Eventually, he was one of the first to exhibit with the impressionists (he participated in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874). Eventually, he pa rticipated in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874 along the sides of Renoir, Monet, Morisot, Pissarro, Cà ©zanne, and Sisley (Spate, 13). The two paintings Miss Mary Ellison and Mademoiselle Malo were chosen based onShow MoreRelatedSketch Of Anne And Her Nurse By Mary Cassatt1790 Words   |  8 PagesSketch of Anne and Her Nurse by Mary Cassatt is an impressionism style artwork. It is an oil and canvas painting, done in 1897. This artwork is currently on display at the Portland Museum of Art (Portland Museum of Art, 2017). Impressionism is a 19th century artistic movement founded in Paris by a few artists. Mary Cassatt spent most of her adulthood in France and was one of the known artists in the Impressionist movement. Impressionists faced criticism at first, as it was considered a radical departureRead MoreTaking a Look at Impressionism3412 Words   |  14 Pagesdiscovery. What the Impressionists did, almost without knowing it, was to realize the phenomenon of transitori ness. The artist who carries his canvas out into the open air and attempts to record every nuance of what his eye sees is in a very different frame of mind from the artist who constructs his picture in his studio from a series of preparatory sketches or studies. His eye may not be more searching but it becomes conscious of a different set of visual data. He becomes less and less concerned with theRead MoreIwt1-Task-1 Essay899 Words   |  4 Pagesthe movement called Impressionism. These artists, such as Eduoard Manet, Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, and Mary Cassatt, sparked worldwide following and revolutionized Western conceptions of painting. Appearing to other artists to be a group, these independent painters with quite diverse artistic approaches, were only unified in their rejection by the official annual Salon (the Acadà ©mie des Beaux-Arts which is a French academic organization that judges and awards selected artworks)Read MoreImpressionism and Post-Im pressionism Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesImpressionism and Post-Impressionism are two artistic movements that had profound influences on the artistic community and world as a whole. Both sought to break the molds of previous artistic styles and movements by creating work truly unique to the artist him or herself. The artists of the Impressionism and Post-Impressionism movements employed vibrant color pallets, well defined brush strokes, and unique perspectives on their subjects that sought to capture light, movement, and emotions on canvasRead MoreIwc1 Literature, Arts and Humanities Essay10028 Words   |  41 Pageseffect to cause). Question 5: Multiple Choice Why is architecture considered an art? a) Because architecture provides shelter to humans b) Because architecture is often decorated with art forms c) Because architects use perspective in their work d) Because architecture is concerned with the aesthetic effect of structures in their environment Feedback: The correct answer is d. Architecture is considered an art because it is concerned with the aesthetic effect of structures in their surrounding

Probation Parole And Parole Case - 1367 Words

Approximately 1 in 51 adults in the United States was under community supervision at yearend 2013, the lowest rate observed since 1996 (Herberman Bonczar, 2014, p.1). Probation/parole supervision also known as community supervision, helps individuals (ex-criminals) acclimate back in their community. Probation is used when a judge chooses to let the offender serve his sentence under officer supervision in the community, rather than in prison. It is usually given to individuals that have committed a non-violent/ minor infraction or that have a really good defense attorney. However, when someone has been sent to prison for an extended period of time but have served a certain amount of their time or has proven to the Parole Board that they have improved their behavior, will be released to a Parole officer. The probation and parole program is comprised of two approaches casework and brokerage. Casework approach deals with the offender as a flawed person that needs help; brokerage approa ch is when the probation/parole officer uses his influence in the community to assist the criminal in finding employment or programs. Knowing how to use these approaches along with monitoring techniques will assist in the officer and offender being successful. This paper will examine the approaches to PO work along with the types of monitoring used to keep track of offenders. The purpose of this paper is to examine the elements of community supervision (probation/parole) that will make theShow MoreRelatedProbation Parole And Probation Case Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages History of Parole and Probation Jindarat Innuan Student #0913685 CCJ 1020 Hillsborough Community College Prof. Leonardo Cadogan November 26th, 2014 The purpose of this research paper is to discuss about Parole and Probation in America. The paper is going to focus on the past, present and future of parole and probation. This paper includes discussion of Parole and Probation Officers, as well as why some states so longer utilize parole, including Florida. This paper will also include personalRead MoreEffective Supervision Requires Establishing Different Levels Of Supervision1747 Words   |  7 Pages(Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). A caseload is the number of individuals that one probation or parole officer is responsible for and can supervise effectively (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The number of people that one officer can supervise varies from state to state (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The more intensive the supervision is the lower the officer’s caseload (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). In Georgia, probation and parole caseloads are classified under two risk levels of supervision---standard andRead MoreEssay on The advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole1175 Words   |  5 Pagesdisadvantages of probation and parole What is probation? Probation is a court order sentencing that consist of the defendant to either serve or complete the remaining sentence of imprisonment in a supervised community. The defendant that’s assigned to completing a probation sentence will be under supervision of an officer of the court; which are referred to as a Probation Officer. Probation is one of the most common criminal sentencing processes in the United States. A probation sentence generallyRead MoreProbation And Parole Is An Important Part Of Our Society1064 Words   |  5 Pagesindicated in 2012, approximately 1 in every 35 adults in the United States was on probation or parole or incarcerated in prison or jail. Probation and parole are an important part of our society and most people know at least one person who is either on probation or parole. There are drastic differences between probation and parole. Probation refers to offenders who are on supervision through a probation agency. Probation is ruled by the courts and is generally given as a sentence instead of incarcerationRead MoreProbation And Parole1305 Words   |  6 Pagesof probation and parole influences the decisions that are made in the Adult Court System toward the supervision of adult offenders by considering community corrections and involve supervision in the community. In the criminal justice system, there are many individuals locked up in local, state, and federal institutions. John Augustus probation bears much resemblance to probation as it is practiced today. He took great care in deciding which prisoners were promising candidates for probation. HeRead MoreJuvenile Probation And Parole As The General Topic And It Will Go Into Future1194 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus on Recidivism in correctional probation and parole as the general topic and it will go into future detail for this research paper. Correction al probation and parole institutions struggle with offender recidivism. Which is why this topic will help these institutions in the criminal justice field to become aware of what methods can help reduce offender relapse. The intention of this topic is to elaborate with further information for the Probation and parole agency that will be used during an internshipRead MoreThe For A Parole Program993 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of parole has been around as early as the 1600s. Parole has grown into a program where offenders are released into the community with resources to help the offender reduce their chance of recidivating. Barton – Bellessa and Hanser said, â€Å"The true purpose of community correction [was] to reform those offenders who showed sufficient motivation and likelihood of being reformed (pgs. 441 and 443)†. Instead, in the past ten years, parole has been used to reduce overcrowding in prison instead ofRead MoreFairness and Balance in the Criminal Justice System1591 Words   |  6 Pagesoffenders who have violated state laws according to the criminal justice system in NC. I will write about the following subjects in the following order: 1) Parole and probation, 2) Community and drug courts, 3) Pretrial release, 4) Victim aid, and 5) Community service (as a function of service of sentence). What is Parole and its` purpose? Parole is a method of releasing offenders from prison prior to the expiration of their sentence. Inmates are screened for their suitability for release based uponRead MoreRehabilitation Paper1187 Words   |  5 PagesParole and probation are what gives inmates in today’s prison system the drive to want to better them. This paper will break down rehabilitation in prison and the origin of where it came from. Also we will discuss how parole differs from mandatory release and how probation differs from other forms of sentencing. We will also discuss community corrections and what it means and furthermore, we will critique the current rehabilitation options and if there are better options or solutions that may beRead MoreCommunity Supervision of Law Violators vs. Incarceration Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagescould put them on probation so we don’t overfill prisons? 49% of convicted inmates committed a nonviolent crime. (Class 12/7/09) I f we were to put nonviolent offenders on probation then that would make a lot of room for violent offenders. Cost effectiveness is an example of how community corrections have more of a positive effect on the community. One benefit of probation and parole is that is has a much lower cost. It costs roughly $1,300 per person a year for probation or parole. Having a person

Curley’s Wife Om Thesis Paper Free Essays

What does it mean to be a victim of loneliness? Merriam-Webster defines it as â€Å"being without company; cut off from others†. In the novel Of Mice and Men we see one character experiencing true loneliness, Curley’s wife. Set in the 1930’s, during the Great Depression, on a ranch in California, Of Mice and Men follows the journey of two men. We will write a custom essay sample on Curley’s Wife Om Thesis Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now When these two men, George and Lennie, come to work on the ranch, it sends the whole ranch in a new direction. Curley’s wife just hopes that she can find a companion, and who better than new people. But one thing always stands in her way, her loneliness. Curley’s wife is a major victim of loneliness because of her failed dreams, her struggle to be someone’s friend, and her lack of love. Curley’s wife had a big dream all set up in her mind. The only problem is that it never happened. She came so close to coming to her dreams, but then it was all taken away. From a young age, Curley’s wife wanted to be a famous movie-star. She dreamed of being around all the big directors, and completely changing her life. She had met with a few directors and all said she had that â€Å"twinkle† in her eyes that would win a crowd. She almost had the opportunity to go to Hollywood, she just had to wait for a letter. Unfortunately, that is all she did, wait, and wait, and wait. It never arrived. She went so far as to blame her mother saying she took the letter because she didn’t want her to fulfill her dreams. With all of this said and done, she left her hometown and found the Ranch. This failed dream of being a movie-star made Curley’s wife very depressed and lonely. She married Curley just because she wanted another person to fill the void of her lost dreams. The only problem is that she is very distant from her husband. It sent her deeper into loneliness. Curley’s wife comes off as a tramp and flirtatious to all the men on the ranch. They all tell George and Lennie to stay away from her, that she only causes trouble. But in reality, all she wants is a companion. When talking to Lennie, alone, in the barn on the ranch, Lennie repeats one sentence over and over to Curley’s wife. â€Å"‘George says I ain’t to have nothing to do with you–talk to you or nothing’† (Steinbeck 86). Everyone just seems to be shoving Curley’s wife away. All of these men keep portraying her as a troubled girl, and it makes her relationship with everyone difficult. She just wants someone to be her friend, and without one, she is lonely. Ever since she left Salinas, Curley’s wife has always lacked love. She loved the director that came to visit her and told her he would write to her. But when she never got the letter, it was almost as if she gave up on love. She married Curley, but it wasn’t real love. She married him because she wanted another person in her life. She wanted to be part of something. But she is never with him, and she is never with anyone for that matter. Neither of them try to show love to each other. But Curley’s wife lacked the love she thought she deserved. Katharine Gammon explains the psychology of loneliness and how a lack of love affects us,â€Å"The reasons trace back to humanity’s evolutionary history, when people needed each other to stay alive. Loneliness doesn’t just make people feel unhappy, it actually makes them feel unsafe — mentally and physically. † Curley’s wife feels not only unhappy, but unsafe. People are portraying her as something she isn’t and she isn’t getting credit for the things she does have/do. They are just making her feel more lonely. Some may believe that Curley’s wife’s actions set her up for her troubles and even her death. They may believe that she was just a tramp and troubled girl who had it coming to her. But while some may believe that, Curley’s wife was indeed a victim of loneliness because she believed in her dreams, and they were crushed. She wanted to be a person’s â€Å"someone† but she lacked all the love. She is in fact a true victim of loneliness. Steinbeck never gave Curley’s wife a name, and that shows her loneliness. She was in extreme loneliness because of her failed dreams, her struggle to be someone’s friend, and her lack of love. Loneliness is a real feeling, action, and emotion. Curley’s wife had it all. I think Mother Teresa scored it right in the bag when she talked about loneliness. â€Å"Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty. † Mother Teresa knew what poverty was, and according to this quote, Curley’s wife was in the most terrible poverty. Work Cited Gammon, Katharine. Why Loneliness Can Be Deadly. N. p. , 2 Mar. 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. Merriam-Webster. online ed. 2013. Merriam-Webster. Web. 27 Mar. 2013 Steinbeck, John. Of Mice And Men. New York, New York: Penguin Group, 1937. 86. Print. Quotes, Brainy. BrainyQuotes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. How to cite Curley’s Wife Om Thesis Paper, Papers

Law of Business Association Corporations Act

Question: Discuss about the Law of Business Associationfor Corporations Act. Answer: Issue The main issue is to determine whether the company is bound by the contract. Rule Any document or letter (without seal) extended to the third party, on behalf of the company would be considered as legal document only if it has signed by the following entities under the Section 127 of Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Two directors of the company One director and a secretary of the company In case of sole proprietary firm, letter extended by the sole director According to the Section 129(3) and Section 129(4)[1], an individual person would be considered as officer or agent of the given company if the following conditions are fulfilled[2] Person has been duly authorized by the company Director of the company has extended the authorization to agent to work on behalf of the company. Moreover, it is essential to note that if the third party has received any of the above mentioned documents then in such cases, the third party can rely on the details mentioned in the document. Further, under the subsection 128(3)[3], an outside party can rely on the assumption that the concerned agent is authorised to enter into a legal relation, irrespective of the fact that the authorization mentioned in the document is correct or not. This understanding is also reiterated in the indoor management rule as per which, the outside party can enter into the contract with the agent of the company assuming legal authorization if no reasonable suspicion is present. If the agent does not have the requisite authority, then also the company is liable to discharge the contractual obligations.[4] The leading case in this scenario is Royal British Bank v Turquand[5] case. The only condition to be fulfilled is that the outsider has entered into the contract in good faith and does not know about that the agent does not have such authority. Application Case Facts Harry who is the managing director of the given company has extended the authority to William to enact a contract with the third party. William is bankrupt and cannot act as a director of the company. Harry has also provided a letter addressed to the other party that William is a director of the company and hence, has the authority to form a contract. The third party was not aware about the fact that William has been instructed to only negotiate the contract but lacked the authority to enter into the contract. However, William signed the contract with the third part as an agent of the company. It is apparent that William had been authorized as an agent of the given company by the managing director Harry, irrespective of his bankruptcy. Moreover, Harry has extended a letter to the third party clearly stating that William has the authority to enter into a contract. The third party was not aware about the fact that William is a bankrupt and does not have the legal authority to enter into contract. Under the provision of indoor management rules, the rights of third party are protected if they enter into contractual relation with company in good faith. Clearly, in this case the outside party also had no clues about the internal understanding which was not documented in the letter sent. Therefore, a legal contract has been enacted between the company and third party. In this scenario, it has been assumed that the third party was aware about the fact that Harry was only acting but not appointed as managing director and thus, no contract would be enacted between the parties. This is because the outside party cannot assume protection under Section 128 as Harry is not a director as defined by Section 129(2).As a result, it is quite possible that the powers may be curtailed and hence the contract should have been enacted by the company only after confirmation from a appointed director about the authorization of the agent executing contract on companys behalf. Conclusion In the first case, a legal enforceable contract has been formed between the third party and company is liable to perform the contractual obligations or else the third party can sue the company for breaching the contract. In the second case, no contract has been enacted between the parties under the assumption that the third party is aware that Harry does not have the position of managing director. Issue The central issue is to determine whether the contract has been executed between the concerned parties and to comment whether bank can enforce the guarantee against the company. Rule Under the verdict of various case laws and Section 127, it is apparent that in order to create a contract between the parties, the contractual documents must be signed by the following entity of the company[6]. The company has only one director and a secretary then it is essential that the document must be signed by the director and the sole secretary of the company. The company has two directors then it is imperative that both the directors must sign the document in order to recognise as legal document for the enactment of the contract. The company is functioning as a sole propionate firm then the signature of a director would be essential to enact a contract. It is noteworthy that if the contractual or guarantee document does not comprise the seal of the respective company and company has two directors, then it is pivotal that both the directors sign the document in order to create legal relation of perform any work on behalf of the company under the Section 127. Duly signed document on the part of the both the directors under the subsection 127(1)[7] would result execution of the contract and the third party can assume that the information provided in the document is correctly represented and they can rely on the assurance provided[8] Further, as per Section 126, the contract can be formed by the agent of the company if the agent has authorized by the company in the accordance of agency law. Moreover, a company is considered a legal entity itself under the common law and the agent who is working on the part of the company can enact the contract with the third party. The representation made by the agent of the company would enforceable on the company, irrespective of the fact that the principal has authorized the agent for that relevant work or not. Indoor management rule will protect the rights of the third party, under the condition when that party was not aware about that the person is authorized to perform such acts, contracts or working fraudulently on behalf of the company under the highlights of Section 128 (4)[9] of Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). In such scenario, the company has the liability to perform the duties as promised or enacted by the agent. Application Case Facts: Maria and David are the two directors and shareholders of a company. Maria has borrowed $100,000 from bank for companys progress and for some private work. Maria has taken the money on her own name and she has provided a bank guarantee from the company. Moreover, Maria has signed the loan documents and she also put fraudulent signature on behalf of David. David is not aware about this act of loan and fraudulent signature on the part of Maria. It is apparent from the relevant law and case facts that guarantee document contains the signature of both the director, which is essential in order to execute a document. However, it is evident that Maria has fraudulently signed the guarantee on behalf of David. Bank which is third party in this case, does not know that Maria has fraudulently signed the contract because of the different handwriting. They are aware that Maria and David are the two directors and the guarantee document must contain both the signatures, which is a prerequisite under the section 127. Further, Maria is working as an agent on the part of the company and has the authority to create legal relationship with the outsiders. Moreover, it is noticeable that the act of Maria comprises dual purposes i.e. progress of the company and also private use. Further, the act of the agent on behalf of the company for the progress of the company would be considered as enforceable contract. Therefore, a contract has been enact ed between the parties and Maria has acted as an agent for company and her contract with the Bank is enforceable on the company despite the fraudulent signature as the indoor management rule would seek to upheld the interest of the bank as it was not aware. Conclusion It can be concluded that if Maria does not meet the repayment of the loan, then Bank can enforce the guarantee against the company and the company would have to repay the outstanding loan amount.

Research Proposal Essays - Marketing, Sales, Business Software

Research Proposal REDUCING THE TIME AND EXPENSE CREATING PROPOSALS PRESENTED TO: Jill Marhefka Professor of Business Research, BSAD 400 . Tracy E. Baker October 11th, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 BACK GROUND INFORMATION 2 PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4 ESTIMATES OF COST AND SCHEDULE 6 QUALIFICATION OF REASEACHER 8 APPENDIX 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AUTOMATING TO MEET THE NEEDS OF XYZ CONSTRUCTION COMPANY Proposals are extremely important tools in construction, sales and marketing efforts but they also pose some serious challenges. These are some of the specific problems our company is facing: ? Inefficient delivery of information where and when it's needed ? Lack of tools to help construction sales people to work productively ? Difficulty in completing and delivering quality proposals quickly ? Construction sales people are experiencing too much desk time and not enough face time as they wrestle with the challenge of preparing proactive proposals ? Inconsistent looking proposals that contain conflicting and sometimes incorrect information The main goal of this project is to research a specific need expressed by members of the Proposal Development Group and Sales Department, that is the need for an industry specific Proposal Software Program. As outlined in the proposal, this is to be accomplished through significant interaction between the researchers, Information Management department and experts in the Proposal Development Group and Sales Department. This type of cooperative agreement is seen as fundamental to the success of all projects. BACKGROUND INFORMATION THE POSITIVE IMPACT OF A PROPOSAL WRITER PROGRAM ON XYZ COMPANY XYZ Company has generated 1,000 proposals (of which 30 percent are less complex; 70 percent more complex) during FY 1999. Members of the XYZ's Proposal Group have spent approximately 46,000 hours in proposal writing! This however, does not include revisions made due to addendums to R.F.P.s. Below is a summary of cost incurred by the XYZ Company through FY 1999. It should be noted that XYZ Company has generated hard copies of every proposal written for not only the clientele but also our Sales Executives, in order to keep them abreast of changes. This was to ensure that the Sales Executive could respond to all questions as concisely and efficiently as possible. Proposals Written Proposal Addendums Time to write one proposal 16 hours?less complex 60 hours?complex Approximately 1 hour less complex 12 hours complex Overhead charge rate for a proposal writer's time $45.00/hr $45.00/hr Number of proposals / addendums written each year 300 less complex 700 complex 200? Per 1000 proposals Approximate total costs $2,160,000.00+ $391,500.00 PROBLEM AND OBJECTIVES THE POSITIVE IMPACT OF A PROPOSAL WRITER PROGRAM ON XYZ COMPANY Problem Statement The proposal processes in the construction industry is intensive. Many tasks are highly repetitive, and may require significant F.T.E. (full time equivalent) man-hours to produce. Many jobs require numerous revisions when posed with addendums to the RFP by owners who are uncertain of their wants and needs. The Management Problem Is As Stated Below: Can we develop a software package that will meet the guidelines of the Proposal Development group and the Sales department? Objectives: (1.0) To ensure the potential system will function with the data structures used within our system. (2.0) To develop a software program which will formulate faster responses to R.F.P.s. (3.0) To create a well-designed system which is easy to learn. (4.0) To determine if a pricing engine is needed within the data structure. (5.0) To asses the need for a sales and marketing database. (6.0) To evaluate the need to develop a clientele database. (7.0) To investigate the potential of reduction of overall paper usage. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY THE POSITIVE IMPACT OF A PROPOSAL WRITER PROGRAM ON XYZ COMPANY Research Design The Information Gathered will be representative of the Information Management group, the Proposal Development group, and the Sales Executives. The Information management group will be surveyed independently from the Proposal Development group and the Sales Executives, however, there will be a set of questions on each of the two surveys that are identical. This will be detailed in the Proposed Data Collection section. All information Gathered will be utilized in the evaluation of the potential for the development and or feasibility of development concerning the afore mentioned proposal software. Proposed Data Collection Procedures To ensure the potential system will function with the data structures used within our system, and to create a well-designed system, which is easy to learn, Information management will be surveyed independently of the Proposal Development group and the Sales Executives. To determine if a pricing engine is needed

Analyse, deliver, evaluate and reflect a teaching experience in clinical placement The WritePass Journal

Analyse, deliver, evaluate and reflect a teaching experience in clinical placement Introduction  Ã‚   Analyse, deliver, evaluate and reflect a teaching experience in clinical placement Introduction  Ã‚   REFERENCES.Related Introduction  Ã‚   The aim of this essay is to   analyse, deliver, evaluate and reflect a teaching experience in clinical placement. So also as utilising appropriate theories to support my preferred method of   teaching and how the teaching   session was delivered.   I will also   consider in my   discussion the role of teaching, learning and supervision session evaluation and personal evaluation. I   organised a teaching package   that   is beneficial to   nursing staff, support workers, students, healthcare assistants and all teaching staff   within my placement that are willing to increase their knowledge and skills ,most especially confidence in this area.   I     designed   a teaching session which would   permit   for different learning needs and styles to be   considered .   The course objectives (Armitage et al, 2003) were   identified   as: understand   the clinical use of   the effectiveness and limitation of ECT, demonstrate an understanding of   the history of ECT. It is essential that you     know where learning finishes and what you would like your learners to know   after   learning   come to an end. The outcome of learning and the   Course objectives, provide a clear stop   point for a teaching session (Reece and Walker, 2003). Because   individual learner have their systematic ways of learning, introducing different styles of teaching     can be used to meet the different needs and preferences of individuals. According to   Ã‚  Kolb   ( 1984 )there are four learning styles which learners learn better  Ã‚   diverger: this learner learns better by undergoing an experience and then reflecting upon it,  Ã‚   Assimilator this learner prefers to observe and think,   converger: this learner like to   think while   doing   and   accommodator: they   learn best through action, by doing and feeling. Honey and Mumford (quote in Hillier, 2002) also identify four learning styles. They   developed this further, using an 80 item questionnaire   they were able to identify individual   learning styles that are important,   based on Kolbs’, but renamed ‘activist’ : these learners enjoys immediate experience but becomes bored easily, ‘reflector’ : collects information and is a thoughtful listener, ‘theorists’: these are learner that likes to analyse,   and   ‘pragmatists’: these are learners who like to try out ideas and theories.   Experimental.   According to   Armitage et al (2003) effective learners have skills in each of these areas, but to varying degrees. Fleming identified different learning styles based on how information is presented, such as the auditory learning style (Fleming and Baume, 2006).   Other   styles   identified by Fleming is the visual styles.   Fleming created a questionnaire which aimed to identify the learners   preferred learning style.   This questionnaire was later updated to include the read / write style as Fleming identified that some learners visual preference is for pictures, graphs, maps etc. whereas others is for written word (Fleming, 2009).   Fleming and Baume state that understanding learning styles can improve learning by matching strategies with styles (2006). Learner   have different way of   learning styles, and different stage of understanding (Hillier, 2003. Reece   and Walker, 2003).   Individual   learner also has specific goals and expectations (Armitage et al, 2003). I decided   not to utilise the   questionnaires among the groups because l felt it will be of more benefit in one to one teaching rather than in a group setting .  Ã‚   variety in teaching methods has   provide to be   greatly effective using a variety of media in a teaching   session promotes interest and motivation.   Ã‚  By utilising media aimed at multiple senses there is ‘a greater likelihood that the learner will perceive what is intended’ (Reece and Walker, 2003: 159).   I decided to make the attendance at this teaching session optional, As motivation is an essential aspect in the effectiveness of learning (Armitage et al, 2003). My chosen topic for my teaching session was Electro- Convulsive Therapy ( ECT).   The rationale for choosing this topic is because l have observed that it is an intervention commonly used in   the clinical practice area and because of its controversial description in psychiatry. I     will be exploring in a critical manner the clinical use of the effectiveness and limitation of ECT.   Ã‚  I structure the objectives of the teaching session with consciousness to time an attention span because l learnt that the average student attention span is between twenty minutes after which learner find it difficult to concentrate on the teaching     Penner (1984). According to   Erickson and Strummer,(1991) recommends that special attention and time to   preparation, illustration and demonstration in other to be   able to respond to student confusion or questions. Shulman, (1987) also   stated that an important characteristics of an effective teacher is the ability to take di fficult concepts and transform them in such a ways that students can understand through the use of examples,   metaphors ,and   analogies . I sent e-mail to all the nursing staff and the administration staff   few   weeks prior to my teaching session inviting them to attend my teaching session. I ensure that l got a suitable environment for my teaching ,   in   order to facilitate my teaching session   I required somewhere where I could expose my learner to some theories. According to Spouse (1998), the environment used for learning   can   have   influence   on   the learners interest to the teaching and how they develop their practical skills   development. Having   this   in mind, I considered   an area free from noise and where there is no   distraction which will benefit   my teaching delivery. I was lucky to find the training room vacant with the help   of   the   nurse manager, a quiet area where my learners could become engaged within the relative safety of a restricted audience, limited to only those within a teaching/learning capacity (Spouse, 1988).Another thing that l knew it helped my teaching was the learners feeling of safety within   the   environment use , it enhanced the learner and general experience. On the day of my teaching session, I organized my teaching session notes, read through them for     grammatical errors, and read through the teaching     handout for   some   additional points that needed to be added or removed. There was   cross   ventilation   in   the room and l made sure that there was enough water, cups   and snacks on a table for the comfort   and convenience of the staff.   I ensured that the environment was conducive for everyone. It was also explainable to   another   person ,meeting the needs of learners whose preferred style is auditory / verbal (Reece and Walker, 2003). I used Microsoft power   point   which allowed me to do my presentation in a way that met the needs of     auditory and visual learners   as I could include written information alongside information presented in pictorial and video format, which also meets the needs of the read / write style identified by Fleming (2009). Moreover, ,l gave out   handouts summarising the main points support this method (Hillier, 2002) and also meet   the needs of learners whose preferred learning style is a combination of visual and verbal (Reece and Walker, 2003). I then proceed   by introducing the topic I chose to teach, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an extremely effective method of treatment for severe depression, that   does not respond to medications or other forms of treatment (Nancy and James 2002).   The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2003a) defined Electro convulsive therapy (ECT) as a medical treatment for severe mental illnesses in which a small, carefully controlled amount of electricity is introduced into the brain and used in conjunction with anaesthesia and muscle relaxant medications to produce a mild generalised seizure .Guidance on ECT recommended that ‘‘ECT is used only to achieve rapid and short-term improvement of severe symptoms after an adequate trial of other treatment options has proven ineffective or when the condition is considered to be potentially life-threatening in individuals with severe depressive illness, catatonia and a prolonged or severe manic   episod e’’. NICE ( 2003b). I discussed about the routine physical check that should be carried out to make sure that the patient is physically fit for the series of general anaesthetics involved in a course of ECT and the treatment itself. RCN (1987) stipulates that these checks should include full blood count; physical examination, X- rays, ECG, urinalysis, and lever function test (LFT) are required. I also discussed the roles of nurses and student nurses, which includes to   develop   therapeutic relationship with the client to build trust, to     provide emotional and educational support for patient’s behaviour, memory, and functional ability prior and post prior ` ECT. The teaching session was interactive,   the   significance of   my chosen topic was openly discussed     and there was lots of contributions,   questions , comments, and individual opinions was made know. I also delivered teaching on   engaging with client that suffers from severe depression, because it’s a     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  crucial   aspect of care that builds a relationship with clients,   careers   Bleach and Ryan (1995). The teaching style I used was humanistic approach. I made the session interactive and informal. Milligan (1995), Stated that, informal sitting arrangement facilities adults learning and best can be achieved through learning centred approach because it enhances learner’s self- concept, promotes autonomy, self direction and critical thinking. I   Reflected after my teaching session, I had a     reflection on my teaching session and my individual attributes.   Life   is   the basic for reflection and without it ,there appears to be no discernible basis for being and knowing Taylor ( 2002 ). Reflection is also very important in other to respond to clients in an individual way,   and   in other to enhance our   knowledge in a dynamic way to grow professionally and also to   increase how effective   professional . I will be using Gibb’s,   six stage problem solving reflective cycle to evaluate and reflect on my   teaching   session .   Because   it   primarily written as an educational tool for beginner reflectors (Gibbs, 1988). My teaching session focused   on   clients   that   have   mental health problem   with severe depression. The teaching session was interactive. The role of nurses and student nurses in the care and treatment, the need for engagement, the need for holistic care, the significance of the session to the placement area and care delivery for clients .The importance of the session to the placement area and care delivery for clients. This   session   also focused on some Mental health nurse that view clients with depression as difficult and challenging to be professional and give holistic care without prejudice. I was very nervous at the   start of the teaching session, most especially about the fact that l might not be able to answer questions I will be asked after the teaching session . But within   a short time l became very relaxed, the staff showed interest in the topic and the handout was a great help. I had to do an evaluation on the whole session, to determine whether or not the teaching and learning had been effective, l felt confidence, because the aims, objective and positive   opinion l targeted to put across in the session was well explained and analysed by me and it was well received and understood by the listeners. The challenge l faced was distraction during the session. Because of   some staff had to excused themselves to attend to emergency on the ward,   Ã‚  distress calls,   depot to be administered and emergency reviews with the consultant. I was able to pin point my weaknesses and strengths from   and how l can improve   better   after l collected the evaluation forms l gave out after the teaching session.   Richardson ( 2005) ,stated that Questionnaires for feedback are important in establishing the quality and effectiveness of teaching.   This feedback help my teaching method   and   style to become more effective in future. I realised l had to take criticism more positively for my   teaching   session   to   be more   effective and successful. I also felt l needed to be more competent. What   I   could have done better when it arose again ,l will include the roles of relatives and careers   in my   presentation because   they play a vital role in the clients well being. I should have also   included literature related all pre- treatment checklists in my handout , as staff criticised me positively about these two points listed.   Also, I   will   have   given   out pamphlets to back up handouts distributed. I should also have researched recent studies to   support   my teaching session, l will also involve my mentor in supervising my presentations before l start the teaching session. Supervision is a pedagogical process where clinical experiences are made clear and systematized in a professional context  Ã‚   Severinsson ( 1994 ). In conclusion, this assignment has facilitate me to   improve my confidence and competence in delivery   teaching   session. The teaching session has helped   me to reflect on positive and negative feedbacks. In     addition, l am able to take criticism   positively and constructively. The teaching session has helped   me to recognise hindrances   to successful teaching session, teaching styles, difficulty   to learning understanding learning for teaching , arrangement , delivery and evaluation of teaching sessions. furthermore this experience has made me to be aware of my learning style. My learning style is a reflector (a reflector takes a more cautious approach and thinks things though before committing to action)   . This teaching session knowledge has widened my skills, values and competencies. In future, teaching session by writer will be more professional, evidence based and competent. REFERENCES. Armitage, A., Bryant, R., Dunnill, R., Renwick, M., Hayes, D., Hudson, A., Kent, J Lawes, S. (2003) Teaching and Training in Post-Compulsory Education. 2nd ed. Berkshire: Open University Press. Bleach, A and Ryan, P (1995). Engagement and relationship in community support for Mental Health. London; The Sainsbury centre for mental health. Erickson, B,L and Strommer, D,W. (1991) Teaching college Freshmen. Sam Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Fleming, N. Baume, D. (2006) ‘Learning Styles Again: VARKing up the Right Tree!’ Educational Developments 7 (4) pp. 4-7. Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by doing: A Guide to teaching methods. Further education unit, oxford Brookes University. Hillier, Y. (2002) Reflective Teaching in Further and Adult Education. London: Continuum. Honey P and Mumford A (1992) The manual of Learning Styles, 3rd edition, Maidenhead: Peter  Ã‚  Ã‚   Honey Publications. Kolb D (1984) Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. Milligan, F (1995). In the defence of andragogy. Nurse Education Today 15:22-27. NANCY, E.B. AND JAMES, W.J. (2002) Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Guide.   Madison, USA: Madison Institute of Medicine. NATIONAL INSTITUTE for HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE, NICE (2003a) Appraisal of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Decision of Appeal Panel. London: NICE. NATIONAL INSTITUTE for HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE, NICE (2003b) Guidance on the Use of Electro Convulsive Therapy, Technology Appraisal No 59. London: NICE Penner, J.G (1984). Why many college teachers cannot lecture. Springfield Ill, Thomas. Reece, I. Walker, S. (2003) Teaching, Training and Learning: a Practical Guide. 5th ed. Tyne and Wear: Business Education Publishers Limited. Richardson, T. (2005) Instruments for obtaining student feedback: a review of the literature Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 30 (4) pp. 387-415. Severinsson, E (1994). The concept of supervision in psychiatry care-compare with leadership and mentorship; A review of literature. Journal of Nursing management 2,271-278. Shulman, L.S (1987). Knowledge and Teaching Foundation of the New reform. Harvard Education Review, 57(1) 1-22. Spouse J (1998) Learning to Nurse Through Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Nurse Education Today, Vol 18, pp345-351. Taylor, B (2001) Reflective Practice. A guide for Nursing and midwives. Berkshire: Open University Press. [/level-freee-rstricted]

3D Virtual World Environments for L2 Learning and Teaching Assignment

3D Virtual World Environments for L2 Learning and Teaching - Assignment Example From the discussion it is clear that the virtual reality environment is at the foremost an immersive experience. In order for it to appeal to the user it needs to be as close to our real 3D world as possible. This is why there is a need to develop the 3D environment further for the user to get really comfortable in that world.This study highlights that visual and audio components are given great priority when designing a 3D virtual world. At present, scientists are trying to find ways to incorporate the sensory component into the virtual environment. A user would feel more immersed within a particular virtual environment if he is able to make use of his sense of touch, just the way he uses his visual and auditory senses. Currently, there is also a need to refine visual graphics in order to make the virtual world appear more lifelike. Also, special attention has to be paid to the fact that enabling a real-time environment within such a virtual system is the key to its success with the user.  The user is made familiar with the concept of real-time with regard to a 3D virtual environment. This idea of using 3D reality has already been applied to gaming with games such as Metal Gear Solid and System Shock. A relatively new usage of the 3D virtual environment is in the field of education. Educationalists have considered the use of incorporating the 3D virtual environment in class rooms and educational institutes with varying degrees of success.

Solve a regression problem using SPSS Coursework

Solve a regression problem using SPSS - Coursework Example The Equation of Best Fit is a calculation or equation that attempts to minimize distance between all the data points and a fitted line. The general idea is that small and unbiased difference between a model’s predicted values and the observed values indicates the model of best fit. However, it is advisable to look at the residual plots before concluding about goodness-of-fit as a statistical measure. We interpret the slope b or regression coefficient as the amount of change in Y for each unit increase in X. that is b represents the effect of X on Y while the intercept a, is the predicted value of Y associated with X = 0. From our analysis, the slope (a = 0.124) and Y-intercept (-1.031), X-temperature, and Y ice cream sales. Figure 2 below shows the strong positive correlation between temperature and Ice Cream Sales (slope). The main idea for this task is to find out whether the number of ice cream sold varies with temperature. Based on existing literature, we would expect ice-cream sales to increase with temperature. In order to answer the questions for the exercise, the Number of Ice Cream Sales is the dependent variable (criterion variable), and Temperature is the independent variable. Overall, the task is a simple linier regression because there are only two variables. Figure 4 above shows the correlation coefficient (r) is +0.98, which tells us a strong positive correlation between sales of ice cream and temperature, at 0.001 significance level. Therefore, we establish that the relationship between sales of ice cream and temperature was positively and strongly related (r = +0.98), p

Market Analysis for Male Condom Product

Market Analysis for Male Condom Product Introduction This report aims to explore the possible business opportunity of condom manufacturing of a Novelty Condom (Lolly), with particular emphasis on the public and private sector markets for the male condom. In considering the market for male condoms in South Africa, it is prudent to separate the discussion into public sector and private sector markets, and within these markets to consider procurement, distribution and sale of the products. Executive Summary Market / Industry/ Description (Makro) South African condom manufacturers are not competitive in the global market. This has led to their reliance on the governments condom procurement contract, which they are awarded on a preferential basis. It is as yet unclear whether government will continue to show preference to local manufacturers. If it does, this may further negatively impact the manufacturers competitiveness, and limit their market to the local public sector. If government decides to award future contracts to the most competitive bidders, some local manufacturers may go out of business. Socio Cultural There is no other product on the market apart from condoms that gives dual protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, as well as protection against unplanned pregnancy. In South Africa, the burden of STIs and HIV is enormous. The Actuarial Society of South Africa (ASSA), (source: www.actuarialsociety.org.za) has developed a demographic and AIDS model (latest ASSA 2003) that makes use of data from several sources to project the potential course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the demographic impact that it is having. According to the latest version of the model, some 5.4 million South Africans were infected with HIV in mid-2006. The has escalated to 5, 934, 183 in 2007 (source: Quantec Database and ECSSEC Analysis, 2009). The model further indicates that prevalence is higher for women in the 15-34 age groups, while it is higher for men in the older ages. Furthermore, the ASSA model predicts that the number of people infected will continue to rise, to exceed 6 million by 2015. Accumulated AIDS deaths will be close to 5.4 million by the same year. In terms of incidence, i.e. the number of new infections occurring, the 15-24 year age group, and particularly women, contributes the highest numbers of new infections. Biology, gender roles, sexual norms and inequalities in access to resources and decision-making power put women and girls at greater risk of infection. Many women have insufficient information about sexual and reproductive health and do not understand the risks associated with their own or their partners sexual behaviour. Many of those who do recognise their vulnerability are powerless to protect themselves. Other STIs also take their toll. In South Africa, the prevalence of STIs is estimated to range from 5% to over 30% in various population sub-groups and localities depending on the type of STI (source: ASSA and Quantec Database). It is important to note that, in addition to the disease and disability STIs themselves cause, they also increase the risk of acquiring HIV during intercourse as a result of inflammation and ulceration. Male condoms are widely available in South Africa, both through public sector condom distribution programmes as well as for sale through retail outlets. The range of products available in the private sector is broad, catering for various user sizes, as well as other novel user preferences such as taste, colour and texture (Our target market: Novel Condom User). The availability of female condoms is much more limited. And finally, although this is a practice and not a product, male circumcision has recently received a lot of attention as research has shown that the practice can reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Although this method cannot be used on its own to prevent HIV transmission, there are concerns in some quarters that miscommunication about the link between male circumcision and HIV transmission could potentially result in the practice being used as a substitute for condom use. Adapted from: Outlook, May 2006 Economic Employment potential Condom manufacturing is both capital and labour intensive. In particular, the sampling and testing of batches of condoms, which is a critical component of the manufacturing process, is facilitated by hand. In Thailand, which is one of the worlds leading exporters of condoms, it has been found that young women are best suited to this work as it is repetitive, precise and requires a high degree of speed and dexterity. The incumbent local manufacturers employ an average of 100 people. A new condom manufacturing facility could thus potentially provide employment for up to 100 semi-skilled young women.The following inputs are required to set up a male condom manufacturing facility. Legal In South Africa there are no compulsory regulations governing the manufacturing and testing of condoms. The Department of Health, as the primary purchaser of locally manufactured condoms, acts as an indirect regulator of the industry by requiring that all public sector male condoms be designed and manufactured according to technical specifications set by the World Health Organisation. These specifications include design, performance and packaging requirements, as well as general requirements that specify the safety of constituent materials and other characteristics, such as shelf life. In addition public sector condoms, irrespective of whether they are made locally or imported from overseas, need to be tested to the same quality standards and approved by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS). Outside of the public sector, manufacturers may apply to the SABS for a â€Å"standardization mark† to illustrate that their product complies with the SABS requirements. Compliance with the standard is however voluntary and not compulsory. Technological Political Competitor Review The South African condom manufacturing industry is an oligopoly made up of four companies, whose main customer is the Department of Health. The manufacturing facilities operate at or below their total production capacity, and further capacity will be created by the end of 2007. This points to a saturated industry that would not welcome a new entrant. Table 5 below is a summary of the operations of the four manufacturers. Table 3: Local manufacturers of male condoms Company Rrt Medcon Zalatex Karex Wupro Date established 2001 1990 2001 1999 Location Kwazulu-Natal Gauteng Mpumalanga Kwazulu-Natal Products manufactured Male condom Male condom Examination gloves Surgical gloves Male condom Male condom Linen savers Diapers Choice condom (pieces per year) 63,750 000 38,250 000 72,250 000 38,250 000 Own brand condom (pieces per year) Viva (â€Å"small Positions African Skin (â€Å"very small quantities†) Carex (1,200 000) Socially marketed condoms (pieces per year) Lovers Plus Trust (10,000 000) Export (pieces per year) Carex (1,000 000) Ad hoc Total manufacturing capacity (pieces per year) 180,000 000 72,000 000 150,000 000 40,000 000 Employees 106 110 160 60 Competing products: There are currently no other products that have been developed for men to protect against STIs, HIV and pregnancy. The male condom remains the primary prevention tool for men. Newer forms of male condoms include synthetic non-latex condoms made from materials such as polyurethane and styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS), which have a longer shelf life, can be used with oil-based lubricants, and can be used by men who have latex sensitivity/allergy. These products are however not readily available in South Africa. Foreign manufacturers In addition to competition from other local manufacturers, foreign manufacturers of male condoms are also important role-players in the South African market. A review of data from the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) of all the foreign manufactured condoms available in South Africa shows that India, China and Malaysia are the key competing countries. Table 7 below illustrates the share of the total Rand value of imported condoms for the key competing countries. Table 5: Percentage share of imports by country 2006 Country Rand value of imports % of total imports China 21,045 189 35.94 Malaysia 13,948 863 23.82 India 5,192 677 8.87 Source: SA Customs Excise The key competitive advantages of the foreign manufacturers include: * Proximity to raw material (natural rubber latex) * Competitive labour costs * Output typically greater that 450 million pieces per year, so can benefit from economies of scale. Product Price Expected margins: A manufacturer in the industry can expect to realise profit margins between 5% and 20% (General Manager, Karex). Below is an illustration of the estimated revenues for Karex. Table 4: Case study Karex Condom type Number of pieces sold Selling price (R/piece) Revenue Choice 72,250 000 R0.20 R14,659 525 Lovers Plus + Trust 10,000 000 R0.50 R5,000 000 Carex (export) 1,000 000 R0.90 R900 000 Carex (retail) 1,200 000 R1,00 R1,200 000 Total revenue R21,759 525 Given that all male latex condoms are essentially similar in terms of their manufacturing process, it stands to reason that volumes are a major determinant of the margins that a manufacturer can realise. Therefore in the current market, a manufacturer would need to have Government as a client in order for their operation to be viable. Table 2: Average price charged per 3-pack of condoms Condom Brand Average price per 3-pack Lovers Plus R7.20 Trust R5.33 Durex R24.99 Lifestyle R9.95 Distribution Promotion Company Image /Brand Suppliers Management Skills and Resources Larry Davin CEO – PHD in Nothing Khuthele Bovu Director – PHD in business science marketing and Finance ECT ECT Core Competencies SWOT Analysis The above analysis should enable us to determine what variables will have an effect on the success or failure of the business. Potential Internal strengths and weaknesses have been looked at as well as external opportunities and threats. Ansoff Market Matrix Key Issues and New Opportunities. 5 Points to be determined from the Ansoff Matrix MARKETING OBJECTIVES (Must be SMART) PMS objectives Marketing objectives Objectives from new opportunities and key issues. 3.3.1 Male condom manufacturing A new entrant into the male condom manufacturing industry in South Africa would face a saturated industry in which a handful of companies operate. Furthermore a new entrant would need to compete with foreign manufacturers who are able to achieve cost-competitiveness through scale, cheaper labour and ready access to raw material. As government is the most significant customer in the market, failure to secure a contract with the DoH would jeopardise the viability of any operation. In addition, the requirement for a manufacturer to demonstrate existing capacity would mean setting up a facility at risk, with no certainty of securing the major customer. In the retail environment, the manufacturer would need to compete with well established brands such as Durex and Lifestyle. South Africa is a net importer of male and female condoms. Import s from the three primary source countries of latex condoms are shown in the table below. South Africa also imports from other countries such as the UK, Thailand, Germany and Korea. Table 9: Imports to South Africa of rubber sheath contraceptives (Rand value) Import source 2004 2005 2006 Total imports 79,023,113 59,044,723 58,556,392 China 43,002,818 29,602,084 21,045,189 Malaysia 16,101,512 12,468,383 13,948,863 India 2,606,106 6,604,586 5,192,677 Source: SA Customs Excise The Rand value of exports of condoms from South Africa is very small in comparison. Local manufacturers export primarily to other African countries. Table 10: South African exports of rubber sheath contraceptives (Rand value) Export market 2004 2005 2006 Total exports 1,826,715 2,789,604 3,111,135 Mozambique 1,456,616 1,379,926 1,646,028 Malawi 0 666 940,000 Angola 12,085 995,291 360,514 Congo 0 104,244 145,826 Source: SA Customs Excise It is important to note that these s do not only reflect the value of South African manufactured condom exports, but also those foreign manufactured condoms that are packaged in South Africa and then exported. Possible reasons for the poor export performance of South African manufacturers are discussed earlier in this report. It remains to be seen whether local manufacturers will become more competitive in the future, or whether the proposed preferential procurement of local condoms by the DoH and the degree of protection that provides to local manufacturers will further jeopardise the success of local condom products in the global market. Table 9: Inputs required – male condom factory Input required Components Infrastructure Land Construction and civil works Machinery Automatic dipping line High voltage dry electronic testing machine Condom foil sealing machine Automatic burst tester Electrolyte water test machine Tensile tester Length measuring gauge Miscellaneous condom testing laboratory equipment Other equipment and accessories Motor vehicles Generator Office equipment and accessories Materials Rubber latex Lubricant Packaging material Human resources Factory labour Management team: must have financial, production and marketing know-how. Target Market Identification Segmentation South African Market for Condoms In South Africa public sector condoms constitute the bulk of the condoms available. In 2006 approximately 428 million male condoms were distributed through public sector channels, against 36 million units sold in retail outlets. Source: Society for Family Health, 2007 With a crippled economy forcing millions of cash-strapped Americans to entertain themselves at home, its not surprising that one particular product is seeing a sales increase — condoms. (Source: www.usatoday.com). While car purchases plummeted and designer clothes mostly stayed on the racks, sales of condoms in the U.S. rose 5% in the fourth quarter of 2008, and 6% in January vs. the same time periods the previous year. (Source: The Nielsen Co). South Africans could not be outdone by their American counterparts. According to the research conducted by the IOL (www.iol.co.za), it has also been a boom time for South Africas leading condom manufacturers, with sales up 55 percent on last year. â€Å"There has been a 50-percent increase in sales, which is probably a combination of marketing activities together with the Aids message finally filtering through to consumers, said Dave Glass, general manager of Adcock, which distributes the Lifestyles and up-market Contempo brand condoms. Competitor Durex SA reported a 35-percent growth in its condom sales in the same period, according to its spokesperson J Giles. While a three-pack of Contempo condoms will cost anywhere from about R20 to R27, Glass said increased sales in the lower-priced Lifestyles brand (about R10 for 3) may have been a sign that people were willing to pay for protection in the wake of last years recall of government condoms. Government, through the Department of Health, is the key role-player in the public sector. Private sector condoms are those that are available at commercial prices from retail outlets as well as those sold at subsidized prices through social marketing programmes. The dominance of the public sector market is likely to continue into the future, given the priority and resources that government has made available towards the fight against HIV/AIDS, and also considering that the targeted end-user (mainly Black youth) generally cannot afford to pay retail prices for condoms. If a new manufacturer is to enter the South African condom market, five segments of the market will need to be assessed to determine which hold the greatest potential for future sales. Positioning and strategy Key ingredients for success The most critical ingredient for the success of a new condom manufacturer is securing the Department of Health contract. Without this, none of the other potential market segments would be sufficient to render the operation viable. innovation is important (novelty), so that a good quality product is developed which can be sold at a reasonable price. In addition, generating demand for the product is important, so substantial effort will need to be devoted to creating and promoting the appropriate marketing message for the product. Other factors that will contribute to a successful operation are: A project management team to ensure sound operations, marketing and financial control. Close co-operation with national and international organisations working in the area of reproductive health and HIV/AIDS prevention. Furthermore, a manufacturer who is bidding for a portion of the government contract needs to show existing production capacity. This will require considerable set-up costs to be incurred, without the certainty of securing the major client. POSITIONING STRATEGY Government HIV prevention is the backbone of governments National HIV AIDS and STI Strategic Plan for South Africa 2007-2011. The primary aims of the National Strategic Plan (NSP) are to: Reduce the rate of new infections by 50% by 2011. Reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS by expanding treatment, care and support to 80% of all HIV positive people and their families by 2011. An important intervention to reduce the rate of new infections is the distribution of male and female condoms. The Department of Health (DoH) is responsible for the management of quality control and related logistics for public sector condoms. Male and female condoms are distributed free of charge to various sites. The distribution of male condoms includes hospitals and clinics as primary distribution sites, with secondary distribution extending to non-governmental organisations, workplaces, and other locations. Female condoms are distributed to selected sites and require one-on-one counselling on their use. Governments male condom distribution pattern and the projected future distribution are illustrated in the table below. The DoH procures condoms through a tender process. The current two year contract, which started in October 2005, has been extended and will expire in February 2008. The Department currently procures male condoms from all four of the local manufacturers as well as from foreign manufacturers. Table 1: Government male condom suppliers Contractor % allocated Type Unit price per 200 pieces (R) Maximum contract quantities ( ‘000 p/a) Karex 17% Local 40.58 72 250 Wupro 9% Local 43.03 38 250 rrtMedcon 15% Local 47.31 63 750 Zalatex 9% Local 41.01 38 250 Equity Distributor 17% Imported (China) 39.58 72 250 Khusela 17% Imported (Malaysia) 39.58 72 250 Supex International 16% Imported (China) 40.00 68 000 Source: Department of Health, July 2007 In the current contract, all four local manufacturers were allocated a portion of the contract, despite a wide variation between the lowest and highest prices, and despite the fact that all the locally manufactured condoms were more expensive than the imported product. Discussions with National Treasury and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) give conflicting views of how future tenders will be adjudicated. In Treasurys view, future tenders should be more stringently governed by cost-competitiveness, where the price per unit is limited to a specified range which is benchmarked against international prices. The DTI however believes that preference should be given to local manufacturers, in particular small and medium sized companies (value of assets less than R200 million). Discussions are on-going between the DoH, Treasury and the DTI. It is unlikely, though, that an agreement will be finalised before the awarding of the government condom tender in the first quarter of 2008, a nd the current preferential treatment of South African manufacturers will remain. A new manufacturer will need to show existing manufacturing capability, although there will be no minimum level of capacity that be required. The South African non-governmental organisation (NGO) sector is not a significant segment in the condom market, as many of the organisations active in the HIV/AIDS and reproductive health space form part of governments condom distribution channel and do not themselves procure condoms directly from suppliers. An important exception to this rule is the Society for Family Health (SFH), the South African affiliate of the international NGO network, Population Services International (PSI). PSI was founded in 1970 in Washington DC, with the intention to improve reproductive health using commercial marketing strategies. With programs in malaria, reproductive health, child survival and HIV, PSI promotes products, services and healthy behaviour that enable low-income and vulnerable people to lead healthier lives. PSI has a presence in over 60 countries around the world. In South Africa, PSI concentrates on issues related to HIV/AIDS. The organisation, through SFH, uses social marketing to motivate behaviour change with respect to consistent condom use, HIV testing, and other safer behaviours. SFH promotes consistent condom use through its own two male condom brands, Lovers Plus and Trust. The organisation procures 24 million male condoms per year from local and foreign suppliers. In addition, SFH obtains free female condoms from the DoH, which are then marketed under the Care brand and sold at retail outlets. SFH sells approximately 6000 female condoms per month. SFH also assists the DoH with the distribution of its free condoms. The organisation distributes approximately 8 million public sector male condoms per month in Gauteng, Kwazulu-Natal and the Western Cape. Retail The retail sector accounts for 7.8% of the male condom market in South Africa. Male condoms are widely available for sale in retail outlets. The most widely available condoms are the socially marketed brands, Lovers Plus and Trust. A study carried out by PSI in November 2006 looking at coverage of Lovers Plus and Trust condoms in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg found that most areas of the three cities met the minimum standards for coverage, where coverage was defined as the number of geographically defined areas where at least 30% of outlets stock Lovers Plus and Trust. These outlets included traditional outlets such as pharmacies, top-end retailers and general dealers, as well as non-traditional outlets such as garage forecourts, hair salons and shebeens. Approximately 36 million male condoms are sold in South Africa per year, with approximately 70% of those sales being of Lovers Plus and Trust condoms. (Senior Marketing Manager, SFH). The balance of the sales is made up by Durex, Lifestyle, Contempo, and various other locally manufactured and imported condoms. Corporate The corporate sector in South Africa has woken up to the reality of the HIV epidemic. Many companies have HIV awareness and management programmes for their employees. However, although corporate HIV programmes include condom distribution as a key element, the majority of companies distribute free government condoms to their employees. A snap survey of 10 corporate members of the South African Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS (SABCOHA) found that all but one company, Chevron South Africa, distribute free Government male condoms to their employees. The companies indicated that they saw no need to buy condoms directly from suppliers when free public sector condoms were easily available. The companies do not normally distribute female condoms. Some have bought female condoms in the past for training purposes. Export South Africas export of male condoms to date has been erratic, and local manufacturers have found it difficult to find a market for their products. The global condom market is dominated by low-cost manufacturers from Thailand, Malaysia, India and China, who are located in close proximity to natural rubber latex plantations. Local manufacturers have not been able to compete. Although all four of the local manufacturers have at some point exported their product, particularly to Mozambique, Malawi, Angola and Congo Brazzaville, at present only Karex exports condoms, about 1 million pieces per year, to Congo Brazzaville. Market Mix Strategy Target Market Strategies Global market for condoms The global condom market is estimated to be worth $3 billion, (source: www.marketresearch.com). The public sector is an important market segment globally, with between 6 and 9 billion male condom units consumed by that segment annually Though the prevention of pregnancy is still an important function of condoms, the driving force for growth is the prevention of STIs, in particular HIV/AIDS. Given the rapid spread of HIV in China, India and recently South Africa (in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa), and the large sizes of their respective populations, it is expected that annual public sector demand for condoms, both male and female, will reach 19 billion units by 2015. (Source: Female Health Company, 2007).

Cookies and Internet Privacy :: Internet Private Cookies Essays

Cookies and Internet Privacy What is a Cookie? â€Å"Netscape's Client Side State definition:Cookies are a general mechanism which server side connections (such as CGI scripts) can use to both store and retrieve information on the client side of the connection. The addition of a simple, persistent, client-side state significantly extends the capabilities of Web-based client/server applications.†Kington, Andy, Andy’s HTTP Cookie Notes, Available from http://www.illuminatus.com/cookie_pages/ [modified 6 June 1997, cited 14 March, 1999] In English, this means that webservers can create web pages that will customize from user to user. By saving these preferences on your computer, the web page can reload appearing to your chosen options. This is accomplished by retrieving the cookie, through your browser, when you access the web page. Where cookies and privacy clash The problem with privacy begins with the cookie revealing personal information that you do not wish to be available. â€Å"Your browser is probably revealing more than you might want: which computer you are coming from, what software and hardware you are using, details of the link you clicked on, and possibly even your email address.† Junkbusters, How Web Servers' Cookies Threaten Your Privacy, [Online], Available from http://www.junkbusters.com/ht/en/cookies.html, [written 11 December, 1998, cited 14 March, 1999] By receiving this information, the webservers could sell it as part of an advertising database resulting in both electronic and paper junk mail. Legislative action has been enacted to curtail the illegal use of personal information. "The WWW offers a wide variety of communication, information and interaction. Cookies provide for necessary customization. But the Internet is not outside the law. Existing regulations, targeted at protecting personal information, limit the use and application of cookies. Current cookie usage violates such norms. Content providers continuing to use cookies that violate these regulations and browser producers unwilling or incapable of bringing their products into accordance with these laws both risk legal liability. It should be their concern to avoid legal action; and it should be our concern to safeguard our privacy." Mayer-Schoenberger, Viktor, "The Internet and Privacy Legislation: Cookies for a Treat? ", West Virginia Journal of Law and Technology, [journal online], Available from http://www.wvjolt.wvu.edu/wvjolt/current/issue1/articles/mayer/mayer.htm, [cited 14 March, 1999] Another possibility of potential privacy violition is cookies retreiving information from other locations on your hard drive. â€Å"The safety of personal information stored on the user's hard drive has also been of concern in the cookie debate.

Invisible Monsters by Chuck Palahniuk

I N V I S I B L E M O N S T E R S Chuck Palahniuk W. W. Norton & Company New York †¢ London For Geoff, who said, â€Å"This is how to steal drugs. † And Ina, who said, â€Å"This is lip liner. † And Janet, who said, â€Å"This is silk georgette. † And my editor, Patricia, who kept saying, â€Å"This is not good, enough. â€Å"CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER FIVE CHAPTER SIX CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER EIGHT CHAPTER NINE CHAPTER TEN CHAPTER ELEVEN CHAPTER TWELVE CHAPTER THIRTEEN CHAPTER FOURTEEN CHAPTER FIFTEEN CHAPTER SIXTEEN CHAPTER SEVENTEEN CHAPTER EIGHTEEN CHAPTER NINETEEN CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE CHAPTER THIRTY CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE CHAPTER THIRTY-TWOCHAPTER O N E Where you're supposed to be is some big West Hills wedding reception in a big manor house with flower arrangements and stuffed mushrooms all over the house. This is called scene setting: where everybody is, who's alive, who's dead. This is Evie Cottrell's big wedding reception moment. Evie is standing halfway down the big staircase in the manor house foyer, naked inside what's left of her wedding dress, still holding her rifle. Me, I'm standing at the bottom of the stairs but only in a physical way. My mind is, I don't know where.Nobody's all-the-way dead yet, but let's just say the clock is ticking. Not that anybody in this big drama is a real alive per-son, either. You can trace everything about Evie Cottrell's look back to some television commercial for an organic shampoo, except right now Evie's wedding dress is burned down to just the hoopskirt wires orbiting her hips and just the little wire skeletons of all the silk flowers that were in her hair. And Evie's blonde hair, her big, teased-up, backcombed rainbow in every shade of blonde blown up with hairspray, well, Evie's hair is burned off, to o.The only other character here is Brandy Alexander, who's laid out, shotgunned, at the bottom of the staircase, bleeding to death. What I tell myself is the gush of red pumping out of Brandy's bullet hole is less like blood than it's some sociopolitical tool. The thing about being cloned from all those shampoo commercials, well, that goes for me and Brandy Alexander, too. Shotgunning anybody in this room would be the moral equivalent of killing a car, a vacuum cleaner, a Barbie doll. Erasing a computer disk. Burning a book. Probably that goes for killing anybody in the world.We're all such products. Brandy Alexander, the long-stemmed latte queen supreme of the top-drawer party girls, Brandy is gushing her insides out through a bullet hole in her amazing suit jacket. The suit, it's this white Bob Mackie knock-off Brandy bought in Seattle with a tight hobble skirt that squeezes her ass into the perfect big heart shape. You would not believe how much this suit cost. The mark-up is abo ut a zillion percent. The suit jacket has a little peplum skirt and wide lapels and shoulders. The single-breasted cut is symmetrical except for the hole pumping out blood.Then Evie starts to sob, standing there halfway up the staircase. Evie, that deadly virus of the moment. This is our cue to all look at poor Evie, poor, sad Evie, hairless and wearing nothing but ashes and circled by the wire cage of her burnedup hoop skirt. Then Evie drops the rifle. With her dirty face in her dirty hands, Evie sits down and starts to boo-hoo, as if crying will solve anything. The rifle, this is a loaded thirtyaught rifle, it clatters down the stairs and skids out into the middle of the foyer floor, spinning on its side, pointing at me, pointing at Brandy, pointing at Evie, crying.It's not that I'm some detached lab animal just conditioned to ignore violence, but my first instinct is maybe it's not too late to dab club soda on the bloodstain. Most of my adult life so far has been me standing on s eamless paper for a raft of bucks per hour, wearing clothes and shoes, my hair done and some famous fashion photographer telling me how to feel. Him yelling, Give me lust, baby. Flash. Give me malice. Flash. Give me detached existentialist ennui. Flash. Give me rampant intellectualism as a coping mechanism. Flash. Probably it's the shock of seeing my one worst enemy shoot my other worst enemy is what it is.Boom, and it's a win-win situation. This and being around Brandy, I've developed a pretty big Jones for drama. It only looks like I'm crying when I put a handkerchief up under my veil to breathe through. To filter the air since you can about not breathe for all the smoke since Evie's big manor house is burning down around us. Me, kneeling down beside Brandy, I could put my hands anywhere in my gown and find Darvons and Demerols and Darvocet 100s. This is everybody's cue to look at me. My gown is a knock-off print of the Shroud of Turin, most of it brown and white, draped and cut s o the shiny red buttons will button through the stigmata.Then I'm wearing yards and yards of black organza veil wrapped around my face and studded with little hand-cut Austrian crystal stars. You can't tell how I look, face-wise, but that's the whole idea. The look is elegant and sacrilegious and makes me feel sacred and immoral. Haute couture and getting hauler. Fire inches down the foyer wallpaper. Me, for added set dressing I started the fire. Special effects can go a long way to heighten a mood, and it's not as if this is a real house. What's burning down is a re-creation of a period revival house patterned after a copy of a copy of a copy of a mock-Tudor big manor house.It's a hundred generations removed from anything original, but the truth is aren't we all? Just before Evie comes screaming down the stairs and shoots Brandy Alexander, what I did was pour out about a gallon of Chanel Number Five and put a burning wedding invitation to it, and boom, I'm recycling. It's funny, bu t when you think about even the biggest tragic fire it's just a sustained chemical reaction. The oxidation of Joan of Arc. Still spinning on the floor, the rifle points at me, points at Brandy. Another thing is no matter how much you think you love somebody, you'll step back when the pool of their blood edges up too close.Except for all this high drama, it's a really nice day. This is a warm, sunny day and the front door is open to the porch and the lawn outside. The fire upstairs draws the warm smell of the fresh-cut lawn into the foyer, and you can hear all the wedding guests outside. All the guests, they took the gifts they wanted, the crystal and silver and went out to wait on the lawn for the firemen and paramedics to make their entrance. Brandy, she opens one of her huge, ring-beaded hands and she touches the hole pouring her blood all over the marble floor. Brandy, she says, â€Å"Shit. There's no way the Bon Marche will take this suit back. Evie lifts her face, her face a f inger-painting mess of soot and snot and tears from her hands and screams, â€Å"I hate my life being so boring! † Evie screams down at Brandy Alexander, â€Å"Save me a window table in hell! † Tears rinse clean lines down Evie's cheeks, and she screams, â€Å"Girlfriend! You need to be yelling some back at me! † As if this isn't already drama, drama, drama, Brandy looks up at me kneeling beside her. Brandy's aubergine eyes dilated out to full flower, she says, â€Å"Brandy Alexander is going to die now? † Evie, Brandy and me, all this is just a power struggle for the spotlight.Just each of us being me, me, me first. The murderer, the victim, the witness, each of us thinks our role is the lead. Probably that goes for anybody in the world. It's all mirror, mirror on the wall because beauty is power the same way money is power the same way a gun is power. Anymore, when I see the picture of a twenty-something in the newspaper who was abducted and sodomized a nd robbed and then killed and here's a front-page picture of her young and smiling, instead of me dwelling on this being a big, sad crime, my gut reaction is, wow, she'd be really hot if she didn't have such a big honker of a nose.My second reaction is I'd better have some good head and shoulders shots handy in case I get, you know, abducted and sodomized to death. My third reaction is, well, at least that cuts down on the competition. If that's not enough, my moisturizer I use is a suspension of inert fetal solids in hydrogenated mineral oil. My point is that, if I'm honest, my life is all about me. My point is, unless the meter is running and some photographer is yelling: Give me empathy. Then the flash of the strobe. Give me sympathy. Flash. Give me brutal honesty. Flash. â€Å"Don't let me die here on this floor,† Brandy says, and her big hands clutch at me. My hair,† she says, â€Å"My hair will be flat in the back. † My point is I know Brandy is maybe proba bly going to die, but I just can't get into it. Evie sobs even louder. On top of this, the fire sirens from way outside are crowning me queen of Migraine Town. The rifle is still spinning on the floor, but slower and slower. Brandy says, â€Å"This is not how Brandy Alexander wanted her life to go. She's supposed to be famous, first. You know, she's supposed to be on television during Super Bowl halftime, drinking a diet cola naked in slow motion before she died. † The rifle stops spinning and points at nobody.At Evie sobbing, Brandy screams, â€Å"Shut up! † † You shut up,† Evie screams back. Behind her, the fire is eating its way down the stairway carpet. The sirens, you can hear them wandering and screaming all over the West Hills. People will just knock each other down to dial 9-1-1 and be the big hero. Nobody looks ready for the big television crew that's due to arrive any minute. â€Å"This is your last chance, honey,† Brandy says, and her bloo d is getting all over the place. She says, â€Å"Do you love me? † It's when folks ask questions like this that you lose the spotlight.This is how folks trap you into a best-supporting role. Even bigger than the house being on fire is this huge expectation that I have to say the three most worn-out words you'll find in any script. Just the words make me feel I'm severely fingering myself. They're just words is all. Powerless. Vocabulary. Dialogue. â€Å"Tell me,† Brandy says. â€Å"Do you? Do you really love me? † This is the big hammy way Brandy has played her whole life. The Brandy Alexander nonstop continuous live action theater, but less and less live by the moment. Just for a little stage business, I take Brandy's hand in mine.This is a nice gesture, but then I'm freaked by the whole threat of blood-borne pathogens, and then, boom, the ceiling in the dining room crashes down and sparks and embers rush out at us from the dining room doorway. â€Å"Even if y ou can't love me, then tell me my life,† Brandy says. â€Å"A girl can't die without her life flashing before her eyes. † Pretty much nobody is getting their emotional needs met. It's then the fire eats down the stairway carpet to Evie's bare ass, and Evie screams to her feet and pounds down the stairs in her burned-up white high heels.Naked and hairless, wearing wire and ashes, Evie Cottrell runs out the front door to a larger audience, her wedding guests, the silver and crystal and the arriving fire trucks. This is the world we live in. Conditions change and we mutate. So of course this'll be all about Brandy, hosted by me, with guest appearances by Evelyn Cottrell and the deadly AIDS virus. Brandy, Brandy, Brandy. Poor sad Brandy on her back, Brandy touches the hole pouring her life out onto the marble floor and says, â€Å"Please. Tell me my life. Tell me how we got here. † So me, I'm here eating smoke just to document this Brandy Alexander moment.Give me att ention. Flash. Give me adoration. Flash. Give me a break. Flash. CHAPTER T W O Don't expect this to be the kind of story that goes: and then, and then, and then. What happens here will have more of that fashion magazine feel, a Vogue or a Glamour magazine chaos with page numbers on every second or fifth or third page. Perfume cards falling out, and full-page naked women coming out of nowhere to sell you make-up. Don't look for a contents page, buried magazine-style twenty pages back from the front. Don't expect to find anything right off.There isn't a real pattern to anything, either. Stories will start and then, three paragraphs later: Jump to page whatever. Then, jump back. This will be ten thousand fashion separates that mix and match to create maybe five tasteful outfits. A million trendy accessories, scarves and belts, shoes and hats and gloves, and no real clothes to wear them with. And you really, really need to get used to that feeling, here, on the freeway, at work, in your marriage. This is the world we live in. Just go with the prompts. Jump back twenty years to the white house where I grew p with my father shooting super-8 movies of my brother and me running around the yard. Jump to present time with my folks sitting on lawn chairs at night, and watching these same super-8 movies projected on the white side of the same white house, twenty years later. The house the same, the yard the same, the windows projected in the movies lined up just perfect with the real windows, the movie grass aligned with the real grass, and my movie-projected brother and me being toddlers and running around wild for the camera. Jump to my big brother being all miserable and dead from the big plague of AIDS.Jump to me being grown up and fallen in love with a police detective and moved away to become a famous supermodel. Just remember, the same as a spectacular Vogue magazine, remember that no matter how close you follow the jumps: Continued on page whatever. No matter how careful you are, there's going to be the sense you missed something, the collapsed feeling under your skin that you didn't experience it all. There's that fallen heart feeling that you rushed right through the moments where you should've been paying attention. Well, get used to that feeling. That's how your whole life will feel some day.This is all practice. None of this matters. We're just warming up. Jump to here and now, Brandy Alexander bleeding to death on the floor with me kneeling beside her, telling this story before here come the paramedics. Jump backward just a few days to the living room of a rich house in Vancouver, British Columbia. The room is lined with the rococo hard candy of carved mahogany paneling with marble baseboards and marble flooring and a very sortof curlicue carved marble fireplace. In rich houses where old rich people live, everything is just what you'd think. The rubrum lilies in the enameled vases are real, not silk.The cream-colored drapes are silk, n ot polished cotton. Mahogany is not pine stained to look like mahogany. No pressed-glass chandeliers posing as cut crystal. The leather is not vinyl. All around us are these cliques of Louis-the-Fourteenth chair-sofa-chair. In front of us is yet another innocent real estate agent, and Brandy's hand goes out: her wrist thick with bones and veins, the mountain range of her knuckles, her wilted fingers, her rings in their haze of marquise-cut green and red, her porcelain nails painted sparkle pink, she says, â€Å"Charmed, I'm sure. If you have to start with any one detail, it has to be Brandy's hands. Beaded with rings to make them look even bigger, Brandy's hands are enormous. Beaded with rings, as if they could be more obvious, hands are the one part about Brandy Alexander the surgeons couldn't change. So Brandy doesn't even try and hide her hands. We've been in too many of this kind of house for me to count, and the realtor we meet is always smiling. This one is wearing the standa rd uniform, the navy blue suit with the red, white, and blue scarf around the neck.The blue heels are on her feet and the blue bag is hanging at the crook of her elbow. The realty woman looks from Brandy Alexander's big hand to Signore Alfa Romeo standing at Brandy's side, and the power blue eyes of Alfa attach themselves; those blue eyes you never see close or look away, inside those eyes is the baby or the bouquet of flowers, beautiful or vulnerable, that make a beautiful man someone safe to love. Alfa's just the latest in a year-long road trip of men obsessed with Brandy, and any smart woman knows a beautiful man is her best fashion accessory.The same way you'd product model a new car or a toaster, Brandy's hand draws a sight line through the air from her smile and big boobs to Alfa. â€Å"May I introduce,† Brandy says, â€Å"Signore Alfa Romeo, professional male consort to the Princess Brandy Alexander. † The same way, Brandy's hand swings from her batting eyelashe s and rich hair in an invisible sight line to me. All the realty woman is going to see is my veils, muslin and cut-work velvet, brown and red, tulle threaded with silver, layers of so much you'd think there's nobody inside. There's nothing about me to look at so most people don't.It's a look that says: Thank you for not sharing. â€Å"May I introduce,† Brandy says, â€Å"Miss Kay Maclsaac, personal secretary to the Princess Brandy Alexander. † The realty woman in her blue suit with its brass Chanel buttons and the scarf tied around her neck to hide all her loose skin, she smiles at Alfa. When nobody will look at you, you can stare a hole in them. Picking out all the little details you'd never stare long enough to get if she'd ever just return your gaze, this, this is your revenge. Through my veils, the realtor's glowing red and gold, blurred at her edges. Miss Maclsaac,† Brandy says, her big hand still open toward me, â€Å"Miss Maclsaac is mute and cannot speak . † The realty woman with her lipstick on her teeth and her powder and concealer layered in the crepe under her eyes, her preta-porter teeth and machine-washable wig, she smiles at Brandy Alexander. â€Å"And this . . . ,† Brandy's big ring-beaded hand curls up to touch Brandy's torpedo breasts. â€Å"This . . . ,† Brandy's hand curls up to touch pearls at her throat. â€Å"This . . . ,† the enormous hand lifts to touch the billowing piles of auburn hair. â€Å"And this . . . ,† the hand touches thick moist lips. This,† Brandy says, â€Å"is the Princess Brandy Alexander. † The realty woman drops to one knee in something between a curtsy and what you'd do before an altar. Genuflecting. â€Å"This is such an honor,† she says. â€Å"I'm so sure this is the house for you. You just have to love this house. † Icicle bitch she can be, Brandy just nods and turns back toward the front hall where we came in. â€Å"Her Highness and Miss Maclsaac,† Alfa says, â€Å"they would like to tour the house by themselves, while you and I discuss the details. † Alfa's little hands flutter up to explain, † . . . the transfer of funds †¦ the exchange of lira for Canadian dollars. â€Å"Loonies,† the realty woman says. Brandy and me and Alfa are all flash frozen. Maybe this woman has seen through us. Maybe after the months we've been on the road and the dozens of big houses we've hit, maybe somebody has finally figured out our scam. â€Å"Loonies,† the woman says. Again, she genuflects. â€Å"We call our dollars ‘Loonies',† she says and jabs a hand in her blue purse. â€Å"I'll show you. There's a picture of a bird on them,† she says. â€Å"It's a loon. † Brandy and me, we turn icicle again and start walking away, back to the front hall. Back through the cliques of chairsofa-chair, past the carved marble.Our reflections smear, dim, and squirm behind a lifetim e of cigar smoke on the mahogany paneling. Back to the front hallway, I follow the Princess Brandy Alexander while Alfa's voice fills the realtor's bluesuited attention with questions about the angle of the morning sun into the dining room and whether the provincial government will allow a personal heliport behind the swimming pool. Going toward the stairs is the exquisite back of Princess Brandy, a silver fox jacket draped over Brandy's shoulders and yards of a silk brocade scarf tied around her billowing pile of Brandy Alexander auburn hair.The queen supreme's voice and the shadow of L'Air du Temps are the invisible train behind everything that is the world of Brandy Alexander. The billowing auburn hair piled up inside her brocade silk scarf reminds me of a bran muffin. A big cherry cupcake. This is some strawberry auburn mushroom cloud rising over a Pacific atoll. Those princess feet are caught in two sort of gold lame leg-hold traps with little gold straps and gold chains. These are the trapped-on, stilted, spike-heeled feet of gold that mount the first of about three hundred steps from the front hall to the second floor.Then she mounts the next step, and the next until all of her is far enough above me to risk looking back. Only then will she turn the whole strawberry cupcake of her head. Those big torpedo, Brandy Alexander breasts silhouetted, the wordless beauty of that professional mouth in full face. â€Å"The owner of this house,† Brandy says, â€Å"is very old and supplementing her hormones and still lives here. † The carpet is so thick under my feet I could be climbing loose dirt. One step after another, loose and sliding and unstable. We, Brandy and Alfa and me, we've been speaking English as a second language so long that we've forgotten it as our first.I have no native tongue. We're eye level with the dirty stones of a dark chandelier. On the other side of the handrail, the hallway's gray marble floor looks as if we've climbed a st airway through the clouds. Step after step. Far away, Alfa's demanding talk goes on about wine cellars, about kennels for the Russian wolfhounds. Alfa's constant demand for the realty woman's attention is as faint as a radio call-in show bouncing back from outer space. † . . . the Princess Brandy Alexander,† Alfa's warm, dark words float up, â€Å"she is probable to remove her clothes and scream like the wild horses in even the crowded restaurants †¦ The queen supreme's voice and the shadow of L'Air du Temps says, â€Å"Next house,† her Plumbago lips say, â€Å"Alfa will be the mute. † † . . . your breasts,† Alfa is telling the realty woman, â€Å"you have two of the breasts of a young woman . . . † Not one native tongue is left among us. Jump to us being upstairs. Jump to now anything being possible. After the realtor is trapped by the blue eyes of Signore Alfa Romeo, jump to when the real scamming starts. The master bedroom will a lways be down the hallway in the direction of the best view. This master bathroom is paneled in pink mirror, every wall, even the ceiling.Princess Brandy and I are everywhere, reflected on every surface. You can see Brandy sitting on the pink counter at one side of the vanity sink, me sitting at the other side of the sink. One of us is sitting on each side of all the sinks in all the mirrors. There are just too many Brandy Alexanders to count, and they're all being the boss of me. They all open their white calfskin clutch bags, and hundreds of those big ringbeaded Brandy Alexander hands take out new copies of the Physicians' Desk Reference with its red cover, big as a Bible. All her hundreds of Burning Blueberry eye shadow eyes look at me from all over the room. You know the drill,† all her hundreds of Plumbago mouths command. Those big hands start pulling open drawers and cabinet doors. â€Å"Remember where you got everything, and put it back exactly where you found it,† the mouths say. â€Å"We'll do the drugs first, then the makeup. Now start hunting. † I take out the first bottle. It's Valium, and I hold the bottle so all the hundred Brandys can read the label. â€Å"Take what we can get away with,† Brandy says, â€Å"then get on to the next bottle. † I shake a few of the little blue pills into my purse pocket with the other Valiums. The next bottle I find is Darvons. Honey, those are heaven in your mouth,† all the Brandys look up to peer at the bottle I'm holding. â€Å"Does it look safe to take too many? † The expiration date on the label is only a month away, and the bottle is still almost full. I figure we can take about half. â€Å"Here,† a big ring-beaded hand comes at me from every direction. One hundred big hands come at me, palm up. â€Å"Give Brandy a couple. The princess is having lower back pain again. † I shake ten capsules out, and a hundred hands toss a thousand tranquilizers onto the red carpet tongues of those Plumbago mouths.A suicide load of Darvon slides down into the dark interior of the continents that make up a world of Brandy Alexander. Inside the next bottle are the little purple ovals of 2. 5milligram—sized Premarin. That's short for Pregnant Mare Urine. That's short for thousands of miserable horses in North Dakota and Central Canada, forced to stand in cramped dark stalls with a catheter stuck on them to catch every drop of urine and only getting let outside to get fucked again. What's funny is that describes pretty much any good long stay in a hospital, but that's only been my experience. Don't look at me that way,† Brandy says. â€Å"My not taking those pills won't bring any baby horses back from the dead. † In the next bottle are round, peach-colored little scored tablets of 100-milligram Aldactone. Our homeowner must be a junkie for female hormones. Painkillers and estrogen are pretty much Brandy's only two food groups, an d she says, â€Å"Gimme, gimme, gimme. † She snacks on some little pink-coated Estinyls. She pops a few of the turquoise-blue Estrace tablets. She's using some vaginal Premarin as a hand cream when she says, â€Å"Miss Kay? † She says, â€Å"I can't seem to make a fist, Sweetness.Do you think, maybe you can wrap things up without me while I lie down? † The hundreds of me cloned in the pink bathroom mirrors, we check out the make-up while the princess goes off to cat nap in the cabbage rose and old canopy bed glory of the master bedroom. I find Darvocets and Percodans and Compazines, Nembutals and Percocets. Oral estrogens. Anti-androgens. Progestons. Transdermal estrogen patches. I find none of Brandy's colors, no Rusty Rose blusher. No Burning Blueberry eye shadow. I find a vibrator with the dead batteries swollen and leaking acid inside.It's an old woman who owns this house, I figure. Ignored and aging and drugged-out old women, older and more invisible to the world every minute, they must not wear a lot of make-up. Not go out to fun hot spots. Not boogie to a party froth. My breath smells hot and sour inside my veils, inside the damp layers of silk and mesh and cotton georgette I lift for the first time all day; and in the mirrors, I look at the pink reflection of what's left of my face. Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the fairest one of all? The evil queen was stupid to play Snow White's game.There's an age where a woman has to move on to another kind of power. Money, for example. Or a gun. I'm living the life I love, I tell myself, and loving the life I live. I tell myself: I deserved this. This is exactly what I wanted. CHAPTER T H R E E Until I met Brandy, all I wanted was for somebody to ask me what happened to my face. â€Å"Birds ate it,† I wanted to tell them. Birds ate my face. But nobody wanted to know. Then nobody doesn't include Brandy Alexander. Just don't think this was a big coincidence. We had to meet, Brandy an d me. We had so many things in common. We had close to everything in common.Besides, it happens fast for some people and slow for some, accidents or gravity, but we all end up mutilated. Most women know this feeling of being more and more invisible everyday. Brandy was in the hospital for months and months, and so was I, and there's only so many hospitals where you can go for major cosmetic surgery. Jump back to the nuns. The nuns were the worst about always pushing, the nuns who were nurses. One nun would tell me about some patient on a different floor who was funny and charming. He was a lawyer and could do magic tricks with just his hands and a paper napkin.This day nurse was the kind of nun who wore a white nursing version of her regular nun uniform, and she'd told this lawyer all about me. This was Sister Katherine. She told him I was funny and bright, and she said how sweet it would be if the two of us could meet and fall madly in love. Those were her words. Halfway down the b ridge of her nose, she'd look at me through wire-framed glasses, their lenses long and squared the way microscope slides look. Little broken veins kept the end of her nose red. Rosacea, she called this. It would be easier to see her living in a gingerbread house than a convent.Married to Santa Claus instead of God. The starched apron she wore over her habit was so glaring white that when I'd first arrived, fresh from my big car accident, I remembered how all the stains from my blood looked black. They gave me a pen and paper so I could communicate. They wrapped my head in dressings, yards of tight gauze holding wads of cotton in place, metal butterfly sutures gripping all over so I wouldn't unravel. They fingered on a thick layer of antibiotic gel, claustrophobic and toxic under the wads of cotton. My hair they pulled back, forgotten and hot under the gauze where I couldn't get at it.The invisible woman. When Sister Katherine mentioned this other patient, I wondered if maybe I'd see n him around, her lawyer, the cute, funny magician. â€Å"I didn't say he was cute,† she said. Sister Katherine said, â€Å"He's still a little shy. † On the pad of paper, I wrote: still? â€Å"Since his little mishap,† she said and smiled with her eyebrows arched and all her chins tucked down against her neck. â€Å"He wasn't wearing his seatbelt. † She said, â€Å"His car rolled right over the top of him. † She said, â€Å"That's why he'd be so perfect for you. † Early on, while I was still sedated, somebody had taken the mirror out of my bathroom.The nurses seemed to steer me away from polished anything the way they kept the suicides away from knives. The drunks away from drinks. The closest I had to a mirror was the television, and it only showed how I used to look. If I asked to see the police photos from the accident, the day nurse would tell me, â€Å"No. † They kept the photos in a file at the nursing station, and it seemed an ybody could ask to see them except me. This nurse, she'd say, â€Å"The doctor thinks you've suffered enough for the time being. † This same day nurse tried to fix me up with an accountant whose hair and ears were burned off in a propane blunder.She introduced me to a graduate student who'd lost his throat and sinuses to a touch of cancer. A window washer after his three-story tumble head first onto concrete. Those were all her words, blunder, touch, tumble. The lawyer's mishap. My big accident. Sister Katherine would be there to check my vital signs every six hours. To check my pulse against the sweep second hand on her man's wristwatch, thick and silver. To wrap the blood pressure cuff around my arm. To check my temperature, she'd push some kind of electric gun in my ear.Sister Katherine was the kind of nun who wears a â€Å"wedding ring. And married people always think love is the answer. Jump back to the day of my big accident, when everybody was so considerate. The peop le, the folks who let me go ahead of them in the emergency room. What the police insisted. I mean, they gave me this hospital sheet with â€Å"Property of La Paloma Memorial Hospital† printed along the edge in indelible blue. First they gave me morphine, intravenously. Then they propped me up on a gurney. I don't remember much of this, but the day nurse told me about the police photos.In the pictures, these big eight-by-ten glossies as nice as anything in my portfolio. Black and white, the nurse said. But in these eight-by-tens I'm sitting up on a gurney with my back against the emergency room wall. The attending nurse spent ten minutes cutting my dress off with those tiny operating room manicure scissors. The cutting, I remember. It was my cotton crepe sundress from Espre. I remember that when I ordered this dress from the catalogue I almost ordered two, they're so comfortable, loose with the breeze trying to get inside the arm holes and lift the hem up around your waist.The n you'd sweat if there wasn't a breeze, and the cotton crepe stuck on you like eleven herbs and spices, only on you the dress was almost transparent. You'd walk onto a patio, it was a great feeling, a million spotlights picking you out of the crowd, or walk into a restaurant when outside it was ninety degrees, and everyone would turn and look as if you'd just been awarded some major distinguished award for a major lifetime achievement. That's how it felt. I can remember this kind of attention. It always felt ninety degrees hot. And I remember my underwear.Sorry, Mom, sorry, God, but I was wearing just this little patch up front with an elastic string waist and just one string running down the crack and back around to the bottom of the patch up front. Flesh-tone. That one string, the one down the crack, butt floss is what everybody calls that string. I wore the patch underwear because of when the cotton crepe sundress goes almost transparent. You just don't plan on ending up in the e mergency room with your dress cut off and detectives taking your picture, propped up on a gurney with a morphine drip in one arm and a Franciscan nun screaming in one ear. Take your pictures! Take your pictures, now! She's still losing blood! † No, really, it was funnier than it sounds. It got funny when there I was sprawled on this gurney, this anatomically correct rag doll with nothing but this little patch on and my face was the way it is now. The police, they had the nun hold this sheet up over my breasts. It's so they can take pictures of my face, but the detectives are so embarrassed for me, being sprawled there topless. Jump to when they refuse to show me the pictures, one of the detectives says that if the bullet had been two inches higher, I'd be dead.I couldn't see their point. Two inches lower, and I'd be deep fried in my spicy cotton crepe sundress, trying to get the insurance guy to waive the deductible and replace my car window. Then, I'd be by a swimming pool, w earing sunblock and telling a couple cute guys how I was driving on the freeway in Stingray when a rock or I don't know what, but my dri-ver's-side window just burst. And the cute guys would say, â€Å"Whoa. † Jump to another detective, the one who'd searched my car for the slug and bone fragments, that stuff, the detective saw how I'd been driving with the window half open.A car window, this guy tells me over the eight-by-ten glossies of me wearing a white sheet, a car window should always be all the way open or shut. He couldn't remember how many motorists he'd seen decapitated by windows in car accidents. How could I not laugh. That was his word: Motorists. The way my mouth was, the only sound left I could do was laugh. I couldn't not laugh. Jump to after there were the pictures, when people stopped looking at me. My boyfriend, Manus, came in that evening, after the emergency room, after I'd been wheeled off on my gur-ney to surgery, after the bleeding had stopped and I wa s in a private room.Then Manus showed up. Manus Kelley who was my fiance until he saw what was left. Manus sat looking at the black-and-white glossies of my new face, shuffling and reshuffling them, turning them upside-down and right side up the way you would one of those mystery pictures where one minute you have a beautiful woman, but when you look again you have a hag. Manus says, â€Å"Oh, God. † Then says, â€Å"Oh, sweet, sweet Jesus. † Then says, â€Å"Christ. † The first date I ever had with Manus, I was still living with my folks. Manus showed me a badge in his wallet. At home, he had a gun.He was a police detective, and he was really successful in Vice. This was a May and December thing. Manus was twenty-five and I was eighteen, but we went out. This is the world we live in. We went sailing one time, and he wore a Speedo, and any smart woman should know that means bisexual at least. My best friend, Evie Cottrell, she's a model. Evie says that beautiful people should never date each other. Together, they just don't generate enough attention. Evie says there's a whole shift in the beauty standard when they're together. You can feel this, Evie says. When both of you are beautiful, neither of you is beautiful.Together, as a couple, you're less than the sum of your parts. Nobody really gets noticed, not any more. Still, there I was one time, taping this infomercial, one of those long-long commercials you think will end at any moment because after all it's just a commercial, but it's actually thirty minutes long. Me and Evie, we're hired to be walking sex furniture to wear tight evening dresses all afternoon and entice the television audience into buying the Num Num Snack Factory. Manus comes to sit in the studio audience, and after the shoot he goes, â€Å"Let's go sailing,† and I go, â€Å"Sure! So we went sailing, and I forgot my sunglasses, so Manus buys me a pair on the dock. My new sunglasses are the exact same as Manus's Vuarnets, except mine are made in Korea not Switzerland and cost two dollars. Three miles out, I'm walking into deck things. I'm falling down. Manus throws me a rope, and I miss it. Manus throws me a beer and I miss the beer. A headache, I get the kind of headache God would smote you with in the Old Testament. What I don't know is that one of my sunglass lenses is darker than the other, almost opaque. I'm blind in one eye because of this lens, and I have no depth perception.Back then I don't know this, that my perception is so fucked up. It's the sun, I tell myself, so I just keep wearing the sunglasses and stumbling around blind and in pain. Jump to the second time Manus visits me in the hospital, he tells the eight-by-ten glossies of me in my sheet, Property of La Paloma Memorial Hospital, that I should think about getting back into my life. I should start making plans. You know, he says, take some classes. Finish my degree. He sits next to my bed and holds the photos between us so I can't see either them or him. On my pad, with my pencil I ask Manus in writing to show me. When I was little, we raised Doberman puppies,† he says from behind the photos. â€Å"And when a puppy is about six months old you get its ears and tail cropped. It's the style for those dogs. You go to a motel where a man travels from state to state cutting the ears and tails off thousands of Doberman puppies or boxers or bull terriers. † On my pad with my pencil, I write: your point being? And I wave this in his direction. â€Å"The point is whoever cuts your ears off is the one you'll hate for the rest of your life,† he says. â€Å"You don't want your regular veterinarian to do the job so you pay a stranger. Still looking at picture after picture, Manus says, â€Å"That's the reason I can't show you these. † Somewhere outside the hospital, in a motel room full of bloody towels with his tool box of knives and needles, or driving down the highway to his next v ictim, or kneeling over a dog, drugged and cut up in a dirty bathtub, is the man a million dogs must hate. Sitting next to my bed, Manus says, â€Å"You just need to archive your cover-girl dreams. † The fashion photographer inside my head, yells: Give me pity. Flash. Give me another chance. Flash. That's what I did before the accident.Call me a big liar, but before the accident I told people I was a college student. If you tell folks you're a model, they shut down. Your being a model will mean they're networking with some lower life form. They start using baby talk. They dumb down. But if you tell folks you're a college student, folks are so impressed. You can be a student in anything and not have to know anything. Just say toxicology or marine biokinesis, and the person you're talking to will change the subject to himself. If this doesn't work, mention the neural synapses of embryonic pigeons. It used to be I was a real college student.I have about sixteen hundred credits t oward an undergraduate degree in personal fitness training. What I hear from my parents is that I could be a doctor by now. Sorry, Mom. Sorry, God. There was a time when Evie and me went out to dance clubs and bars and men would wait outside the ladies' room door to catch us. Guys would say they were casting a television commercial. The guy would give me a business card and ask what agency I was with. There was a time when my mom came to visit. My mom smokes, and the first afternoon I came home from a shoot, she held out a matchbook and said, â€Å"What's the meaning of this? She said, â€Å"Please tell me you're not as big a slut as your poor dead brother. † In the matchbook was a guy's name I didn't know and a telephone number. â€Å"This isn't the only one I found,† Mom said. â€Å"What are you running here? † I don't smoke. I tell her that. These matchbooks pile up because I'm too polite not to take them and I'm too frugal to just throw them away. That's wh y it takes a whole kitchen drawer to hold them, all these men I can't remember and their telephone numbers. Jump to no day special in the hospital, just outside the office of the hospital speech therapist.The nurse was leading me around by my elbow for exercise, and as we came around this one corner, just inside the open office doorway, boom, Brandy Alexander was just so there, glorious in a seated Princess Alexander pose, in an iridescent Vivienne Westwood cat suit changing colors with her every move. Vogue on location. The fashion photographer inside my head, yelling: Give me wonder, baby. Flash. Give me amazement. Flash. The speech therapist said, â€Å"Brandy, you can raise the pitch of your voice if you raise your laryngeal cartilage. It's that bump in your throat you feel going up as you sing ascending scales. She said, â€Å"If you can keep your voice-box raised high in your throat, your voice should stay between a G and a middle C. That's about 160 Hertz. † Brandy Al exander and the way she looked turned the rest of the world into virtual reality. She changed color from every new angle. She turned green with my one step. Red with my next. She turned silver and gold and then she was dropped behind us, gone. â€Å"Poor, sad misguided thing,† Sister Katherine said, and she spat on the concrete floor. She looked at me craning my neck to see back down the hall, and she asked if I had any family. I wrote: yeah, there's my gay brother but he's dead fromAIDS. And she says, â€Å"Well, that's for the best, then, isn't it? † Jump to the week after Manus's last visit, last meaning final, when Evie drops by the hospital. Evie looks at the glossies and talks to God and Jesus Christ. â€Å"You know,† Evie tells me across a stack of Vogues, and Glamour magazines in her lap she brings me, â€Å"I talked to the agency and they said that if we re-do your portfolio they'll consider taking you back for hand work. † Evie means a hand mode l, modeling cocktail rings and diamond tennis bracelets and shit. Like I want to hear this. I can't talk. All I can eat is liquids.Nobody will look at me. I'm invisible. All I want is somebody to ask me what happened. Then, I'll get on with my life. Evie tells the stack of magazines, â€Å"I want you to come live with me at my house when you get out. † She unzips her canvas bag on the edge of my bed and goes into it with both hands. Evie says, â€Å"It'll be fun. You'll see. I hate living all by my lonesome. † And says, â€Å"I've already moved your things into my spare bedroom. † Still in her bag, Evie says, â€Å"I'm on my way to a shoot. Any chance you have any agency vouchers you can lend me? † On my pad with my pencil, I write: is that my sweater ou're wearing? And I wave the pad in her face. â€Å"Yeah,† she says, â€Å"but I knew you wouldn't mind. † I write: but it's a size six. I write: and you're a size nine. â€Å"Listen,† Evie says. â€Å"My call is for two o'clock. Why don't I stop by some time when you're in a better mood? † Talking to her watch, she says, â€Å"I'm so sorry things had to go this way. It wasn't all of it anybody's fault. † Every day in the hospital goes like this: Breakfast. Lunch. Dinner. Sister Katherine falls in between. On television is one network running nothing but infomercials all day and all night, and there we are, Evie and me, together.We got a raft of bucks. For the snack factory thing, we do these big celebrity spokesmodel smiles, the ones where you make your face a big space heater. We're wearing these sequined dresses that when you get them under a spotlight, the dress flashes like a million reporters taking your picture. So glamorous. I'm standing there in this twenty-pound dress, doing this big smile and dropping animal wastes into the Plexiglas funnel on top of the Num Num Snack Factory. This thing just poops out little canapes like crazy, and Evie h as to wade out into the studio audience and get folks to eat the canapes.Folks will eat anything to get on television. Then, off camera, Manus goes, â€Å"Let's go sailing. † And I go, â€Å"Sure. † It was so stupid, my not knowing what was happening all along. Jump to Brandy on a folding chair just inside the office of the speech therapist, shaping her fingernails with the scratch pad from a book of matches. Her long legs could squeeze a motorcycle in half, and the legal minimum of her is shrink wrapped in leopard-print stretch terry just screaming to get out. The speech therapist says, â€Å"Keep your glottis partially open as you speak. It's the way Marilyn Monroe sang â€Å"Happy Birthday† to President Kennedy.It makes your breath bypass your vocal chords for a more feminine, helpless quality. † The nurse leads me past in my cardboard slippers, my tight bandages and deep funk, and Brandy Alexander looks up at the last possible instant and winks. God s hould be able to wink that good. Like somebody taking your picture. Give me joy. Give me fun. Give me love. Flash. Angels in heaven should blow kisses the way Brandy Alexander does and lights up the rest of my week. Back in my room, I write: who is she? â€Å"No one you should have any truck with,† the nurse says. â€Å"You'll have problems enough as it is. but who is she? I write. â€Å"If you can believe it,† the nurse says, â€Å"that one is someone different every week. † It's after that Sister Katherine starts matchmaking. To save me from Brandy Alexander, she offers me the lawyer without a nose. She offers a mountain climbing dentist whose fingers and facial features are eaten down to little hard shining bumps by frostbite. A missionary with dark patches of some tropical fungus just under his skin. A mechanic who leaned over a battery the moment it exploded and the acid left his lips and cheeks gone and his yellow teeth showing in a permanent snarl.I look at the nun's wedding ring and write: i guess you got the last really buff guy. The whole time I was in the hospital, no way could I fall in love. I just couldn't go there yet. Settle for less. I didn't want to process through anything. I didn't want to pick up any pieces. Lower my expectations. Get on with my less-than life. I didn't want to feel better about being still alive. Start compensating. I just wanted my face fixed, if that was possible, which it wasn't. When it's time to reintroduce me to solid foods, their words again, it's pureed chicken and strained carrots. Baby foods. Everything mashed or pulverized or crushed.You are what you eat. The nurse brings me the personal classified ads from a newsletter. Sister Katherine peers down her nose and through her glasses to read: Guys seeking slim, adventurous girls for fun and romance. And, yes, it's true, not one single guy specifically excludes hideous mutilated girls with growing medical bills. Sister Katherine tells me, â₠¬Å"These men you can write to in prison don't need to know how you really look. † It's just too much trouble to try and explain my feelings to her in writing. Sister Katherine reads me the singles columns while I spoon up my roast beef. She offers arsonists. Burglars. Tax cheats.She says, â€Å"You probably don't want to date a rapist, not right off. Nobody's that desperate. † Between the lonely men behind bars for armed robbery and second-degree manslaughter, she stops to ask what's the matter. She takes my hand and talks to the name on my plastic bracelet, such a hand model I am already, cocktail rings, plastic I. D. bracelets so beautiful even a bride of Christ can't take her eyes off them. She says, â€Å"What're you feeling? † This is hilarious. She says, â€Å"Don't you want to fall in love? † The photographer in my head says: Give me patience. Flash. Give me control. Flash. The situation is I have half a face.Inside my bandages, my face still bleeds tiny little spots of blood onto the wads of cotton. One doctor, the one making rounds every morning who checks my dressing, he says my wound is still weeping. That's his word. I still can't talk. I have no career. I can only eat baby food. Nobody will ever look at me like I've won a big prize ever again. nothing, I write on my pad. nothing's wrong. â€Å"You haven't mourned,† Sister Katherine says. â€Å"You need to have a good cry and then get on with your life. You're being too calm about this. † I write: don't make me laugh, my face, I write, the doctor sez my wound will weep.Still, at least somebody had noticed. This whole time, I was calm. I was the picture of calm. I never, never panicked. I saw my blood and snot and teeth splashed all over the dashboard the moment after the accident, but hysteria is impossible without an audience. Panicking by yourself is the same as laughing alone in an empty room. You feel really silly. The instant the accident happened, I kn ew I would die if I didn't take the next exit off the freeway, turn right on Northwest Gower, go twelve blocks, and turn into the La Paloma Memorial Hospital Emergency Room parking lot. I parked. I took my keys and my bag and I walked.The glass doors slid aside before I could see myself reflected in them. The crowd inside, all the people waiting with broken legs and choking babies, they all slid aside, too, when they saw me. After that, the intravenous morphine. The tiny operating room manicure scissors cut my dress up. The flesh-tone little patch panties. The police photos. The detective, the one who searched my car for bone fragments, the guy who'd seen all those people get their heads cut off in half-open car window's, he comes back one day and says there's nothing left to find. Birds, seagulls, maybe magpies, too.They got into the car where it was parked at the hospital, through the broken window. The magpies ate all of what the detective calls the soft tissue evidence. The bone s they probably carried away. â€Å"You know, miss,† he says, â€Å"to break them on rocks. For the marrow. † On the pad, with the pencil, I write: ha, ha, ha. Jump to just before my bandages come off, when a speech therapist says I should get down on my knees and thank God for leaving my tongue in my head, unharmed. We sit in her cinderblock office with half the room filled by her steel desk between us, and the therapist, she teaches me how a ventriloquist makes a dummy talk.You see, the ventriloquist can't let you see his mouth move. He can't really use his lips, so he presses his tongue against the roof of his mouth to make words. Instead of a window, the therapist has a poster of a kitten covered in spaghetti above the words: Accentuate the Positive She says that if you can't make a certain sound without using your lips, substitute a similar sound, the therapist says; for instance, use the sound eth instead of the sound eff. The context in which you use the sound w ill make you understandable. â€Å"I'd rather be thishing,† the therapist says. hen go thishing, I write. thank you. And then I ran away. This is after my new cotton crepe sundress arrives from Espre. Sister Katherine stood over me all morning with a curling iron until my hair was this big butter creme frosting hairdo, this big off-the-face hairdo. Then Evie brought some make up and did my eyes. I put on my spicy new dress and couldn't wait to start sweating. This whole summer, I hadn't seen a mirror or if I did I never realized the reflection was me. I hadn't seen the police photos. When Evie and Sister Katherine were done, I say, â€Å"De foil iowa fog geoff. And Evie says, â€Å"You're welcome. † Sister Katherine says, â€Å"But you just ate lunch. † It's clear enough, nobody understands me here. I say, â€Å"Kong wimmer nay pee golly. † And Evie says, â€Å"Yeah, these are your shoes, but I'm not hurting them any. † And Sister Katherine says, â€Å"No, no mail yet, but we can write to prisoners after you've had your nap, dear. † They left. And. I left, alone. And. How bad could it be, my face? And sometimes being mutilated can work to your advantage. All those people now with piercings and tattoos and brandings and scarification . . . What I mean is, attention is attention.Going outside is the first time I feel I've missed something. I mean, a whole summer had just disappeared. All those pool parties and lying around on metal-flake speed-flesh-tone lumps of ice in the freezer bin. I dig around until I find the biggest turkey, and I heft it up baby style in its yellow plastic netting. I haul myself up to the front of the store, right through the check stands, and nobody stops me. Nobody's even looking. They're all reading those tabloid newspapers as if there's hidden gold there. â€Å"Sejgfn di ofo utnbg,† I say. â€Å"Nei wucj iswisn sdnsud. † Nobody looks. EVSF UYYB IUH,† I say in my best vent riloquist voice. Nobody even talks. Maybe just the clerks talk. Do you have two pieces of I. D.? they're asking people writing checks. â€Å"Fgjrn iufnv si vuv,† I say. â€Å"Xidi cniwuw sis sacnc! † Then it is, it's right then a boy says, â€Å"Look! † Everybody who's not looking and not talking stops breathing. The little boy says, â€Å"Look Mom, look over there! That monster's stealing food! † Everybody gets all shrunken up with embarrassment. All their heads drop down into their shoulders the way they'd look on crutches. They're reading tabloid headlines harder than ever.Monster Girl Steals Festive Holiday Bird And there I am, deep fried in my cotton crepe dress, a twenty-five pound turkey in my arms, the turkey sweating, my dress almost transparent. My nipples are rock kind is wearing this sleeveless Versace kind of tank dress with this season's overwhelming feel of despair and corrupt resignation. Body conscious yet humiliated. Buoyant but crippled . The queen supreme is the most beautiful anything I've ever seen so I just vogue there to watch from the doorway. â€Å"Men,† the therapist says, â€Å"stress the adjective when they speak. The therapist says, â€Å"For instance, a man would say, ‘You are so attractive, today'. † Brandy is so attractive you could chop her head off and put it on blue velvet in the window at Tiffany's and somebody would buy it for a million dollars. â€Å"A woman would say, ‘You are so attractive, today',† the therapist says. â€Å"Now, you, Brandy. You say it. Stress the modifier, not the adjective. † Brandy Alexander looks her Burning Blueberry eyes at me in the doorway and says, â€Å"Posing girl, you are so Godawful ugly. Did you let an elephant sit on your face or what? † Brandy's voice, I barely hear what she says.At that instant, I just adore Brandy so much. Everything about her feels as good as being beautiful and looking in a mirror. Brandy is my instant royal family. My only everything to live for. I go, â€Å"Cfoieb svns ois,† and I pile the cold, wet turkey into the speech therapist's lap, her sitting pinned under twenty-five pounds of dead meat in her roll-around leather desk chair. From closer down the hallway, Sister Katherine is yelling, â€Å"Yoohoo! † â€Å"Mriuvn wsi sjaoi aj,† I go, and wheel the therapist and her chair into the hallway. I say, â€Å"Jownd wine sm fdo dcncw. The speech therapist, she's smiling up at me and says, â€Å"You don't have to thank me, it's just my job is all. † The nun's arrived with the man and his I. V. stand, a new man with no skin or crushed features or all his teeth bashed out, a man who'd be perfect for me. My one true love. My deformed or mutilated or diseased prince charming. My unhappily ever after. My hideous future. The monstrous rest of my life. I slam the office door and lock myself inside with Brandy Alexander. There's the speech therapist's notebook on her desk, and I grab it. save me, I write, and wave it in Brandy's face.I write: please. Jump to Brandy Alexander's hands. This always starts with her hands. Brandy Alexander puts a hand out, one of those hairy pigknuckled hands with the veins of her arm crowded and squeezed to the elbow with bangle bracelets of every color. Just by herself, Brandy Alexander is such a shift in the beauty standard that no one thing stands out. Not even you. â€Å"So, girl,† Brandy says. â€Å"What all happened to your face? † Birds. I write: birds, birds ate my face. And I start to laugh. Brandy doesn't laugh. Brandy says, â€Å"What's that supposed to mean? † And I'm still laughing. was driving on the freeway, I write. And I'm still laughing. someone shot a 30-caliber bullet from a rifle. the bullet tore my entire jawbone off my face. Still laughing. i came to the hospital, I write. i did not die. Laughing. they couldn't put my jaw back because seagulls had eaten it . And I stop laughing. â€Å"Girl, your handwriting is terrible,† Brandy says. â€Å"Now tell me what else. † And I start to cry. what else, I write, is i have to eat baby food. i can't talk. i have no career. i have no home. my fiance left me. nobody will look at me. all my clothes, my best friend ruined them.I'm still crying. â€Å"What else? † Brandy says. â€Å"Tell me everything. † a boy, I write. a little boy in the supermarket called me a monster. Those Burning Blueberry eyes look right at me the way no eyes have all summer. â€Å"Your perception is all fucked up,† Brandy says. â€Å"All you can talk about is trash that's already happened. † She says, â€Å"You can't base your life on the past or the present. † Brandy says, â€Å"You have to tell me about your future. † Brandy Alexander, she stands up on her gold lame leg-hold trap shoes. The queen supreme takes a jeweled compact out of her clutch bag and naps the compac t open to look at the mirror inside. â€Å"That therapist,† those Plumbago lips say, â€Å"the speech therapist can be so stupid about these situations. † The big jeweled arm muscles of Brandy sit me down in the seat still hot from her ass, and she holds the compact so I can see inside. Instead of face powder, it's full of white capsules. Where there should be a mirror, there's a close up photo of Brandy Alexander smiling and looking terrific. â€Å"They're Vicodins, dear,† she says. â€Å"It's the Marilyn Monroe school of medicine where enough of any drug will cure any disease. † She says, â€Å"Dig in.Help yourself. † The thin and eternal goddess that she is, Brandy's picture smiles up at me over a sea of painkillers. This is how I met Brandy Alexander. This is how I found the strength not to get on with my former life. This is how I found the courage not to pick up the same old pieces. â€Å"Now,† those Plumbago lips say, â€Å"You are g oing to tell me your story like you just did. Write it all down. Tell that story over and over. Tell me your sad-assed story all night. † That Brandy queen points a long bony finger at me. â€Å"When you understand,† Brandy says, â€Å"that what you're telling is just a story.It isn't happening anymore. When you realize the story you're telling is just words, when you can just crumble it up and throw your past in the trashcan,† Brandy says, â€Å"then we'll figure out who you're going to be. † CHAPTER F O U R Jump to the Canadian border. Jump to the three of us in a rented Lincoln Town Car, waiting to drive south from Vancouver, British Columbia, into the United States, waiting, with Signore Romeo in the driver's seat, waiting with Brandy next to him in the front, waiting, with me alone in the back. â€Å"The police have microphones,† Brandy tells us.The plan is if we make it through the border, we'll drive south to Seattle where there are nightclub s and dance clubs where gogo boys and go-go girls will line up to buy the pockets of my purse clean. We have to be quiet because the police, they have microphones on both sides of the border, United States and Canadian. This way, they can listen in on people waiting to cross. We could have Cuban cigars. Fresh fruit. Diamonds. Diseases. Drugs, Brandy says. Brandy, she tells us to shut up a mile before the border, and we wait in line, quiet. Brandy unwinds the yards and yards of rocade scarf around her head. Brandy, she shakes her hair down her back and ties the scarf over her shoulders to hide her torpedo cleavage. Brandy switches to simple gold earrings. She takes off her pearls and puts on a little chain with a gold cross. This is a moment before the border guard. â€Å"Your nationalities? † the border-guard guy sitting inside his little window, behind his computer terminal with his clipboard and his blue suit behind his mirrored sunglasses, and behind his gold badge says. à ¢â‚¬Å"Sir,† Brandy says, and her new voice is as bland and drawled out as grits without salt or butter.She says, â€Å"Sir, we are citizens of the United States of America, what used to be called the greatest country on earth until the homosexuals and child pornographers— â€Å"Your names? † says the border guy. Brandy leans across Alfa to look up at the border guy, â€Å"My husband,† she says, â€Å"is an innocent man. † â€Å"Your name, please,† he says, no doubt looking up our license plate, finding it's a rental car, rented in Billings, Montana, three weeks ago, maybe even finding the truth about who we really are. Maybe finding bulletin after bulletin from all over western Canada about three nut cases stealing drugs at big houses up for ale. Maybe all this is spooling onto his computer screen, maybe none of it. You never know. â€Å"I am married,† Brandy is almost yelling to get his attention. â€Å"I am the wife of the Reverend Scooter Alexander,† she says, still half laid across Alfa's lap. â€Å"And this,† she says and draws the invisible line from her smile to Alfa, â€Å"this is my son-in-law, Seth Thomas. † Her big hand flies toward me in the backseat. â€Å"This,† she says, â€Å"is my daughter, Bubba-Joan. † Some days, I hate it when Brandy changes our lives without warning. Sometimes, twice in one day, you have to live up to a new identity.A new name. New relationships. Handicaps. It's hard to remember who I started this road trip being. No doubt, this is the kind of stress the constantly mutating AIDS virus must feel. â€Å"Sir? † the border guy says to Seth, formerly Alfa Romeo, formerly Chase Manhattan, formerly Nash Rambler, formerly Wells Fargo, formerly Eberhard Faber. The guard says, â€Å"Sir, are you bringing any purchases back with you into t